A los miles de solicitantes de asilo de Eritrea y Sudán pronto se les pedirá que abandonen Israel en un plazo de tres meses o enfrentarán la cárcel. Podrán quedarse de momento quienes hayan solicitado el estatus de refugiado pero no han recibido una respuesta.
La Autoridad de Población, Inmigración y Fronteras del Ministerio del Interior ha comenzado este mes a prepararse para deportar a estos solicitantes de asilo, por orden del Primer Ministro Benjamin Netanyahu, el Ministro del Interior Arye Dery y el Ministro de Seguridad Pública Gilad Erdan.
La votación del gabinete sobre la campaña de deportación se ha pospuesto debido a una disputa presupuestaria entre el Tesoro y el Ministerio de Seguridad Pública.
En la primera etapa, ciertos grupos estarán exentos de la deportación: niños, adultos mayores de 60 años, padres de niños menores de edad que dependen de ellos para su apoyo, personas con graves problemas médicos o de salud mental y víctimas de la trata de personas y la esclavitud. Las personas en estos grupos están exentas de ser enviadas al centro de detención de Holot en el Neguev.
Las personas que han solicitado el estatus de refugiado pero no han recibido una respuesta también podrán quedarse, por el momento.
Miles de otros migrantes africanos que ingresaron ilegalmente a Israel y que han sido detenidos en Holot en el pasado, o que cumplen los criterios de detención allí, recibirán una notificación de que deben abandonar Israel en un plazo de tres meses la próxima vez que vayan a las oficinas del Ministerio del Interior a renovar sus permisos de residencia o enfrentar encarcelamiento indefinido. Salvo cambios a la ley, Holot está programado para su cierre en menos de tres meses.
Netanyahu ha dicho a los funcionarios del Ministerio del Interior que espera que muchas de estas personas abandonen Israel en un corto período de tiempo.
El Ministerio del Interior estima que el costo total de su operación de deportación asciende a unos 300 millones de shekels ($ 86 millones) por año. Esto incluye los salarios de los empleados del Ministerio del Interior, los vuelos de deportación y el dinero entregado a quienes se van. Por ahora, cada solicitante de asilo que deja el país recibirá $ 3,500, pero esta cantidad se reducirá en el futuro.
El costo real para el estado dependerá del éxito del programa o la falta del mismo. Las estimaciones no incluyen el costo de la detención de los solicitantes de asilo que se niegan a abandonar Israel. Esta es la principal causa de la disputa entre los ministerios de finanzas y seguridad pública. Este último dice que no fue consultado por adelantado sobre el plan.
El Servicio Penitenciario de Israel, dependiente del Ministerio de Seguridad Pública, calcula que cientos de solicitantes de asilo africanos deberán ser encarcelados en el centro de detención de Saharonim, una propuesta costosa.
El miércoles, representantes del Ministerio del Interior le dijeron al Comité de Finanzas de la Knéset que gastó 68 millones de shekels para eliminar a 4.500 solicitantes de asilo africanos de Israel el año pasado. Este dinero fue para boletos de avión y las subvenciones en efectivo. Haaretz descubrió que el número real era poco menos de 4,000, lo que significa que el estado gastó aproximadamente 17,000 shekels por cada solicitante de asilo africano que se fue, ya sea a su país de origen, a Uganda o a un país occidental.
Fuente: Haaretz – Enlace Judío
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