“Vacunas en lugar de encierros”: cómo hará Israel para combatir la variante Delta del coronavirus

“Vacunas en lugar de encierros”: cómo hará Israel para combatir la variante Delta del coronavirus
“Vacunas en lugar de encierros”: cómo hará Israel para combatir la variante Delta del coronavirus

Israel está evaluando medidas para combatir la variante Delta del coronavirus y, aunque la opinión de los expertos estaba dividida sobre cómo responder, el primer ministro, Naftali Bennett,  decidió no imponer medidas estrictas: “Vacunas en lugar de encierros”, ordenó.

En su discurso inaugural ante el parlamento israelí, el primer ministro Naftali Bennett abordó una lista impresionantemente detallada de los retos a los que se enfrenta su coalición de gobierno. Sólo un asunto quedó sin mencionar: la lucha contra el COVID-19. Para el primer ministro y la opinión pública, la pandemia había terminado, el virus había sido derrotado por la campaña de vacunación de Israel, líder mundial.

Esa creencia duró una semana. A mediados de junio empezaron a surgir nuevos y alarmantes casos del virus. La variante Delta del virus era la responsable, según los expertos. Estaba siendo importada por israelíes que regresaban del extranjero. Un gran porcentaje de los infectados eran niños.

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Desde que Israel comenzó su notable despliegue de vacunas, su progreso ha sido un foco de interés internacional. Muchos expertos israelíes creen ahora que el país ha alcanzado la inmunidad de rebaño; y sin embargo, eso no ha dispensado de la necesidad de una respuesta política al aumento de los casos de la variante Delta.

El primer ministro israelí Naftali Bennett prefiere "vacunar antes que encerrar" para mantener la inmunidad de rebaño que logró Israel y conseguir que los menores sean vacunados cuanto antes (Reuters)

Aunque la opinión de los expertos estaba dividida sobre cómo responder, Bennett decidió no imponer medidas estrictas. “Vacunas en lugar de encierros”, ordenó. “Sabemos que la vacuna funciona”. Efectivamente, hay cientos de nuevos casos diarios, pero no aumentan las estadísticas más importantes: las tasas de hospitalización y mortalidad. Pero hay dos agujeros importantes en el paraguas protector de Israel: los adolescentes no vacunados y los viajeros internacionales.

Hasta junio, los niños de entre 12 y 15 años no podían vacunarse. Cuando se levantó esa prohibición, un número importante de padres, que también habían sido vacunados, no estaban dispuestos a permitir que sus hijos se vacunaran. Sus dudas parecen infundadas; más de 2 millones de niños en EE.UU. han sido vacunados sin problemas significativos.

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Aunque la mayoría de los niños experimentan COVID-19 como una gripe leve, dejar a los niños sin vacunar plantea un problema más amplio. “El hecho de que Israel haya conseguido la inmunidad de rebaño no es relevante para los niños”, dice Sigal Regev Rosenberg, directora de Kupat Holim Meuhedet, una de las organizaciones de salud más eficaces de Israel. “Los niños interactúan sobre todo con otros niños. Son una manada propia”. Mientras este rebaño siga sin vacunarse, será casi imposible reanudar la escolarización normal, ya que los profesores y el personal de las escuelas (algunos de los cuales no están ellos mismos vacunados) no quieren exponerse a niños no vacunados.

Muchos científicos israelíes consideran que el país ya alcanzó la inmunidad de rebaño, pero que habrá que controlar que la variante Delta no se propague entre los más jóvenes quienes actúan en "rebaños propios" (Reuters)

Para hacer frente a este problema, las organizaciones de mantenimiento de la salud de Israel han puesto en marcha una campaña nacional cuyo objetivo es alcanzar al menos un 60% de vacunación de los adolescentes antes del inicio del curso escolar. Bennett, padre de cuatro hijos pequeños, se ha convertido en el centro de su esfuerzo. “Sé lo mucho que quieren relajarse este verano”, dice a los adolescentes. «No queremos imponer restricciones a la fiestas, a los viajes ni a nada. Hablen con vuestros padres y acudan a vacunarse».

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Es una zanahoria y un palo y parece que está funcionando. Desde el llamamiento de Bennett, las HMO (planes médicos) están cumpliendo y superando sus objetivos de vacunación de adolescentes.

La situación en el aeropuerto Ben Gurion -el principal punto de salida y entrada internacional de Israel- es un problema más grave. Casi todo el turismo entrante se ha detenido durante al menos un mes. Los israelíes no pueden visitar países altamente contagiosos (entre los que se encuentran actualmente Argentina, Brasil, Rusia, Sudáfrica, India y Brasil) y se enfrentan a una cuantiosa multa si son sorprendidos haciendo trampas. Todos los viajeros israelíes, independientemente de su procedencia, tienen que someterse a múltiples pruebas de COVID-19 y deben aislarse durante dos semanas si dan positivo. Muchos se quejan de que esto es exagerado.

El problema es hacer cumplir estas normas. Bennett ha nombrado un zar de los aeropuertos para restablecer la ley y el orden, aunque muchos israelíes están decididos a arrastrarse por todos los resquicios disponibles. Hay un límite para que Israel pueda hacer cumplir las normas en un aeropuerto caótico y con poco personal, especialmente cuando empiezan a llegar los turistas internacionales.

Para hacer frente a la afluencia, se ha designado una pequeña terminal para las llegadas de países especialmente infecciosos, las zonas especiales de pruebas fuera de las terminales aliviarán la presión de la multitud en las horas punta; y el gobierno ha anunciado un esfuerzo de emergencia para establecer un laboratorio interno eficiente que pueda proporcionar resultados de las pruebas in situ.

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Pero no se trata sólo de una cuestión técnica. Tanto Estados Unidos como Europa llevan años luchando contra las fronteras porosas. Incluso los países con una política de cero-COVID, como Australia, han descubierto que los controles fronterizos más estrictos no son infalibles. A pesar de su éxito en el despliegue de la vacunación, y de toda la eficiencia y seguridad de Ben Gurion, Israel probablemente se encontrará con los mismos problemas.

El planteamiento de Bennett de ampliar la vacunación a los miembros más jóvenes de la población, al tiempo que continúa con las pruebas enérgicas y las restricciones fronterizas, será sin duda observado de cerca por otros países. Si su impulso a la vacunación y las restricciones fronterizas tienen éxito, los discursos de Bennett pueden permanecer en gran medida libres de virus.

Vía Infobae / Bloomberg

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