Cuando el Holocausto se ponía en marcha: «A 84 años de La Noche de los Cristales Rotos»

el régimen nazi comandado por Hitler acosaba a los ciudadanos judíos con toda clase de medidas
el régimen nazi comandado por Hitler acosaba a los ciudadanos judíos con toda clase de medidas

Hasta el 8 de noviembre de 1938, el régimen nazi comandado por Adolf Hitler acosaba a los ciudadanos judíos con toda clase de medidas administrativas. Desde la expropiación de sus bienes, la obligación de vender propiedades a precios viles y el despojo de todas sus ganancias. También la imposibilidad de formar parte de la vida política, social y administrativa de Alemania. Ése era el tipo persecución que los nazis habían aplicado contra la minoría. A quienes culpaban de todos los males que padecía la nación, sobre todo, los económicos.

Sin embargo, el 9 de noviembre –hoy se cumplen 84 años– todo cambiaría. Hitler ordenaría una matanza que sería considerada un anticipo de lo que padecerían el pueblo judío y Europa. Conocida históricamente como La Noche de los Cristales Rotos (Kristallnacht, en alemán) fueron 48 horas en la que el nazismo persiguió y asesinó a 100 judíos y detuvo a otros 30 mil a quienes trasladaron a campos de concentración. El Holocausto estaba en marcha.

Leer más: La Noche de los Cristales Rotos y el transfondo económico antijudío. Por Martha Wolff
El argumento que utilizó el régimen nazi para ordenar la matanza fue insólito. La noticia del asesinato de Ernest Von Ratt, empleado de la Embajada de Alemania enParís, fue la excusa perfecta para que las masas se indignaran. Según Berlín, el crimen fue perpetrado por un adolescente judío de 16 años que se encontraba de forma ilegal en Francia. El cóctel de «judío e ilegal» constituía una mezcla ideal para enardecer a la población alemana, sedienta de venganza.
Herschel Grinszpan era un joven que vivía en París y recibía frecuentes cartas de su padre donde le relataba las injusticias que padecía en la frontera polaca por el poder ejercido a manos de los nazis. La última de las postales la recibió el 3 de noviembre. En ella le decían que ya no tenían dinero y si podía enviarle algo. El odio se apoderó de él y pese a que no tenía antecedentes criminales, buscó hacer justicia por mano propia y «planeó» matar al embajador alemán en la capital francesa. Sin embargo, con poco conocimiento sobre su objetivo, el 7 de noviembre disparó contra el primero que vio en la puerta de la sede diplomática y escapó. Se trataba de Von Ratt.
Joseph Goebbels, ministro de Ilustración Pública y Propagandade Hitler se encargaría del resto. Ideó una macabra, efectiva y rápida campaña que consistió en señalar que el crimen había sido planificado no por un simple inmigrante polaco en Francia, sino por un grupo de fanáticos. Sin saberlo, Grinszpan dejó servida la excusa a la maquinaria asesina de Hitler quien tendría frente a sí una oportunidad única de comenzar el mayor genocidio de la historia. La furia estaba desatada, pero también organizada.
Leer más: Mapa de lugares cuya población judía sufrió la Noche de los Cristales Rotos
Las SA (Sturmabteilung), las milicias del Partido Nacional Socialista Obrero Alemán, fueron los encargados de iniciar las movilizaciones contra los judíos. Los «camisas pardas», como eran conocidos esta «sección de asalto», se encargaron de encender la mecha en alemanes y austríacos contra la población judía.
Con la ciudadanía enardecida y fuera de sí, la noche del 10 de noviembre, Reinhard Heydrich, jefe de la Policía de Seguridad nazi, emitió una orden secreta que sistematizaba los acontecimientos violentos que estaban sucediendo en Alemania y Austria. «Tan pronto como los acontecimientos de la noche permitan desmovilizar a los funcionarios solicitados, se procederá al arresto de tantos judíos –especialmente ricos– como puedan ser instalados en las prisiones existentes. Por el momento, sólo los varones judíos, sanos y que no sean demasiado viejos, serán detenidos», decía el documento.
El ataque consistió en la quema de sinagogas, destrucción de libros sagrados, el incendio de comercios y la detención de judíos. En esas dramáticas 48 horas, miles fueron enviados a los campos de concentración de Buchenwald, Dachau, entre otros. Las prisiones estaban listas desde hacía días. Serían los primeros 30 mil judíos en morir allí. El turno de otros millones llegaría en los siguientes años. Casi no quedó una sinagoga en pie en Alemania y Austria: se destruyeron 267 en ambos países, aunque hay quienes dicen que la cifra se eleva a más de mil quinientas.
Cuando el humo dejó de emerger de las sinagogas y los locales comerciales, el régimen nazi culpó a los propios judíos por los desmanes. Confiscó los pagos que las compañías de seguros debían hacer a los damnificados y profundizó la arianización de las propiedades judías. El Holocausto estaba en marcha.

88 COMENTARIOS

  1. Gracias Tomas por el link. Lo que pocos historiadores no nos explican es porque que el principal evento de esa terrible tragedia fue el de quemar y destruir nuestra Torah. La ideologia racista de los Nazis estaba basada en superar nuestro Judaismo. Desde «El Nuevo Testamento» la lucha del mundo se baso en obtener la supremacia del poder de nuestra tradicion Abrahamaica de desistir en la idolatria de dioses falsos.
    Marta Mikey

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