«Bella Ciao»: el verdadero origen Klezmer del himno partisano que popularizó «La Casa de Papel»

El 25 de abril se celebró en Italia el Día de la Liberación, la fecha en la que se proclamó en 1945 la insurrección contra el fascismo y la ocupación nazi en el país. A 73 años de este hecho, un canto de la resistencia se ha vuelto un éxito en las radios y tribunas de fútbol.

Al escuchar la melodía, probablemente la reconozcas: se trata de Bella Ciao. La canción que describe el orgullo de un partisano al morir «por la libertad». No tiene un origen cierto.  La Cadena Judía de Información Vis a Vis recopiló el origen de la canción y también una hermosa versión de Mercedes Sosa.


Pero, como suele pasar al indagar en el terreno de lo popular, el verdadero origen de la canción se pierde con los años. El antecedente más inmediato en cuanto a melodía (e incluso letra y espíritu) está en un canto popular entre las trabajadoras de los campos de arroz del valle del río Po. Canto que, a su vez, bebería de otras dos: Picchia alla porticella y Fior di tomba.

Sin embargo, este presunto origen también está bastante discutido, con estudiosos afirmando que la canción de las arroceras viene del Bella Ciao y no al revés. A partir de ahí el rastro se va difuminando, pero la versión más aceptada apunta a una canción klezmer, un género surgido de la tradición musical de los judíos askenazis.

En los versos, el patriota italiano canta a una chica, a quien le pide que si muere en lucha, lo entierre «bajo la sombra de una bella flor» en la montaña, el sitio donde solían refugiarse los miembros de la resistencia durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Se cree que la canción, tal como se la conoce, se popularizó en las brigadas alrededor de Bolonia, una ciudad combativa.

 

Y si bien ha sido tradicionalmente un himno de las insurrecciones pacíficas en muchos países, es de la mano de la televisión que ahora la cantan jóvenes en toda América Latina. De la mano de Netflix desembarcó ‘La Casa de Papel’, una serie española que ha roto récords de audiencia en la región.

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