La Academia Noruega de Ciencias y Letras anunció que otorgará el Premio Abel a Hillel Furstenberg, de la Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalén, y a Gregory Margulis, de la Universidad de Yale, “por ser pioneros en el uso de métodos de probabilidad y dinámica en teoría de grupos, teoría de números y combinatoria”.
El Gobierno noruego estableció el Premio Abel en 2001 “para dar a los matemáticos su propio equivalente a un Premio Nobel”, un galardón que reconoce contribuciones de “extraordinaria profundidad e influencia”, y conlleva una remuneración en efectivo de 7,5 millones de coronas noruegas (834.000 dólares).
Furstenberg, quien es sobreviviente de la Kristallnacht, es el primer israelí en ganar este prestigioso premio. Junto con Margulis inventaron técnicas de caminata aleatoria, una rama central de la teoría de la probabilidad.
Una caminata aleatoria es un camino que consiste en una sucesión de pasos aleatorios. Estas técnicas se utilizaron para investigar objetos matemáticos e introdujeron métodos probabilísticos para resolver muchos problemas abiertos en teoría de grupos, teoría de números, combinatoria y teoría de grafos.
“Furstenberg y Margulis sorprendieron al mundo matemático por su ingenioso uso de métodos probabilísticos y caminatas aleatorias para resolver problemas profundos en diversas áreas de las matemáticas”, compartió Hans Munthe-Kaas, presidente del comité de Abel. “Derribaron el muro tradicional entre las matemáticas puras y aplicadas, y abrieron una gran cantidad de nuevos resultados…con aplicaciones a la tecnología de la comunicación y la informática”, aseveró.
Furstenberg nació en Berlín en 1935. Su familia huyó de la Alemania nazi en 1939 y se estableció en los Estados Unidos. Ya como estudiante universitario comenzó a desarrollar una reputación como matemático prometedor. Cuando publicó uno de sus primeros trabajos académicos, comenzaron a circular rumores de que “Furstenberg” no era un individuo sino un seudónimo para un grupo de matemáticos.
Después de enseñar en varias universidades estadounidenses líderes, incluidas Princeton, M.I.T. y la Universidad de Minnesota, Furstenberg se mudó a Israel en 1965 para incorporarse al Instituto de Matemáticas Einstein de la Universidad Hebrea. Este movimiento ayudó a establecer a Israel como un centro mundial de matemáticas, y el profesor ganó el Premio Israel en 1993 y los Premios Wolf en 2007.
“El Premio Abel del profesor Furstenberg es un verdadero honor para la Universidad Hebrea y para Israel en su conjunto”, compartió el presidente de la Universidad Hebrea, el profesor Asher Cohen. “Hillel no es solo un matemático de clase mundial, sino un mensch y mentor de estudiantes que ya han cambiado la faz de las matemáticas. No podríamos estar más orgullosos de su premio, un logro de nivel Nobel”.
La ceremonia de entrega del Premio Abel de este año tendrá lugar en una fecha posterior cuando Su Majestad el Rey Harald V de Noruega presente el Premio Abel a los galardonados. La ceremonia original, programada para el 19 de mayo, se pospuso debido al brote de coronavirus.
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