Eretz Siberia. Por Guido Jasovich

Oblast Autónomo Hebreo- Eretz Siberia- Guido Jasovich
Oblast Autónomo Hebreo- Eretz Siberia- Guido Jasovich

La historia de la Unión Soviética arranca en 1922 cuando finalizó la unificación de las repúblicas socialistas de la época. Asi comienza «Eretz Siberia», la columna de Guido Jasovich

Leer más: Sindicalismo judío. Por Guido Jasovich

A lo largo de su historia tuvo una visión muy negativa sobre la religión, en base a su “Ateismo de Estado”.

Se intentó suprimirla de muchas maneras,  era un país nuevo, multi – étnico y multi – religioso, donde los judíos eran un grupo importante que se asentaban en forma mayoritaria en las regiones de Rusia y Ucrania.

Si bien los judíos eran ciudadanos en igualdad de derechos (cosa que fue un aumento real de estatus frente a su anterior vida bajo los horrores del Zar.

Leer más: La familia rusa que vivió aislada en Siberia por 40 años y nunca se enteró de la II Guerra Mundial

Incluso algunos de ellos tomaron puestos de gobierno en el nuevo país, como fue el caso de un tal Lev Bronstein, (mas conocido como Trotsky), estos eran fruto de constantes sospechas de una buena parte del gobierno.

Los veían como un grupo “naturalmente capitalista” y temían que en base a su conducta inspirasen a otros, y lograsen cambios.

Leon Trotsky

Si yo les dijese que existió una especie de Israel Socialista en medio de Siberia , dudarían de lo que les digo, pero así nació el “Oblast Autónomo Hebreo” (OAH).

Leer más: Un paraíso ‘sionista’ en Siberia

Una región pensada para ser culturalmente judía con capital en Birobidzhán, inhóspita y perdida cerca de la frontera con China, allí se emplazó el (OAH) en el año 1928.

Se lo estableció como el hogar nacional judío, donde se pudiesen adaptar las costumbres dentro de un marco socialista controlado por el estado.

Así, se estableció como idiomas oficiales el idish y el ruso con una fuerte presencia de lógicas socialistas y control de la religión por parte del Estado.

Se realizaron grandes campañas para que los judíos migren a esa zona, pero no tuvo el éxito esperado.

En esa época Stalin aun estaba en proceso de industrializar la Unión Soviética, así los fondos necesarios para ese fin no siempre estaban disponibles.

Los judíos no superaron el 20% de la población, y el intento de crear el hogar nacional judío, no sedujo a muchos y en consecuencia no tuvo el éxito esperado.

Hacia 1948 con la victoria del sionismo en Israel, el gobierno soviético buscó suprimir con mas fuerza la identidad judía.

Relacionó al sionismo como una traición capitalista de los verdaderos valores judíos.

Se montaron grandes campañas antisionistas por todo el país, pero fue un fracaso, año tras año judíos soviéticos intentaron salir de la Unión Soviética rumbo a Israel y otros países.

No todos obtuvieron la autorización para salir y hacia 1991 con la desintegración de la Unión Soviética, cerca de un millón de personas emigraron a Israel.

Hoy (OAH) existe con el mismo nombre, aun se enseña el idish, la población judía no supera el 3% y como testigo de un proyecto frustrado una menorá permanece en el plaza central de Birobidzhán.

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