Jóvenes judíos marchan en Ucrania con los ultranacionalistas

Al menos treinta y un manifestantes fueron detenidos y decenas de heridos tras un enfrentamiento con la policía ucraniana en la plaza de la Independencia de Kiev.

«Fue como un carnaval», dijo Dimitri Gerasimov, un músico Klezmer judío de 32 años, que ha participado en las protestas. «Yo no siento ninguna agresión en la multitud, fue un día festivo».

Las protestas, conocidas como «EuroMaidan», fueron provocadas por la ira de la gente ante la negativa del presidente Viktor Yanukovich a firmar un acuerdo para profundizar las relaciones entre Ucrania y la Unión Europea.
Desde entonces, se han convertido en un movimiento que buscan la renuncia de Yanukovich, además de llamadas para que se ponga fin a la corrupción y a la «persecución selectiva» que ha llevado a líderes de la oposición a la cárcel. Los manifestantes también quieren una red de protección social reforzada.

Un número importante de jóvenes judíos están involucrados en las protestas, quienes han llamado a una coalición diversa de la juventud liberal y a los líderes del partido de la oposición, entre ellos miembros de la Svoboda (Libertad), partido ultranacionalista, cuyo líder, Oleh Tyahnybok, ha traficado libremente estereotipos antisemitas.
«Si los nacionalistas están a favor de un cambio de régimen en el país, y yo también estoy, entonces no me impidan salir a la Maidan con todo el mundo y expresar mis opiniones», dijo Eugenia Malinovskaya del JTA. «El movimiento EuroMaidan se identifica principalmente con los jóvenes educados. Y la juventud judía en Ucrania cae principalmente bajo esa descripción «, sentenció.
Si bien es difícil saber cuánto apoyo hay para el movimiento de protesta entre los jóvenes judíos de Ucrania, la orientación del país hacia Europa ha demostrado ser un factor de división dentro de su comunidad judía.
Los judíos mayores tienden a ser más temerosos de los nacionalistas ucranianos, cuyo resentimiento de la influencia rusa les ha llevado a apoyar una orientación más favorable a Europa.
La comunidad «está muy dividida sobre el tema de las protestas», dijo Meylakh Sheykhet, director de la Unión de Consejos de Ucrania para los judíos en la ex Unión Soviética. «En términos generales, la joven generación de judíos, al igual que otros jóvenes ucranianos, apoyan esta revolución. Pero la vieja generación, los que crecieron y fueron educados en el sistema soviético, que no están en el apoyo, son muy pro-ruso», culminó Sheykhet.
«Svoboda es un partido de oposición al régimen actual y que está apoyando esta tendencia, ya que va en contra del régimen actual», dijo Oxana Shevel, profesor asociado de política comparada en la Universidad de Tufts.
Líderes judíos ucranianos se han puesto nerviosos por Svoboda, ya que lo consideran una amenaza para la seguridad de la comunidad. El uso que hace parte de la retórica antisemita también ha preocupado desde el Parlamento Europeo.
«Tememos que esta situación se salga de control», le confesó el rabino Pinchas Vishedski, jefe de la organización de la comunidad judía en la ciudad ucraniana oriental de Donetsk, al JTA. «Y cuando hay caos, las minorías van a sufrir, ya que nuestra historia nos dice eso.»
Otros funcionarios de la comunidad judía, entre ellos el rabino de Jabad de Ucrania, Moshe Azman, han condenado asimismo a las protestas como peligrosas para la comunidad judía. Pero estas preocupaciones no han sido suficientes para lograr que mas judíos se unan al movimiento de protesta.
Después de emigraciones masivas en los años 1970 y 1990, la comunidad judía en Ucrania no muestra signos de salir. Y para los jóvenes judíos, la inversión en el futuro de Ucrania es una parte de su identidad.
«Me encanta Ucrania», dijo Talinovskaya. «Mis padres están aquí, mis amigos también, y no tengo planes de emigrar, lo que significa que mis hijos nacerán en este lugar.»

Además, otros activos judíos en EuroMaidan hicieron eco de sus sentimientos.
Ahava (Anuta) Teslenko, una personalidad de la televisión de 29 años de edad, le dijo a JTA que considera su papel en el movimiento «una exigencia del alma y la mente» nacida de la «necesidad de una Ucrania independiente.»
Gerasimov, por su parte, dijo: «EuroMaidan es una protesta en contra de un ‘futuro de Rusia’ para el país. Muchos judíos de Ucrania se consideraban judíos antes que Ucranianos, los que se quedaron pusieron a Ucrania delante».
Anna Furman, de 22 años de edad, dijo que «ser judío no es un obstáculo para su participación apasionada en la lucha por el futuro de Ucrania»
Y finalmente, Talinovskaya culminó: «Ninguno de nosotros pensamos que la adhesión a la asociación europea por arte de magia nos hacen la vida perfecta, como un cuento de hadas. Pero tenemos que empezar en alguna parte».

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