Los médicos del Hospital Hadassah de Israel han desarrollado lo que llaman un nuevo método innovador para identificar el cáncer de tiroides con una precisión del 94%.
El estudio, dirigido por el Dr. Haggi Mazeh, jefe del departamento de cirugía general de Hadassah Mt. Scopus, y el Dr. Iddo Ben-Dov, médico jefe del departamento de nefrología, fue publicado en la revista Cancer, Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention.
Mazeh explicó a The Jerusalem Post que la glándula tiroides es responsable del metabolismo, la regulación de la temperatura y más dentro del cuerpo humano. Sin embargo, la tiroides a menudo desarrolla nódulos pequeños o protuberancias sólidas o llenas de líquido que tienen el potencial de ser cancerosas.
“En algunos casos, se debe realizar una biopsia para determinar si el bulto es benigno o maligno”, afirmó el médico.
Las biopsias de tiroides se realizan mediante un procedimiento llamado aspiración con aguja fina. Debido a que la aguja es tan delgada y por lo tanto la muestra no es tan grande, en hasta un 30% de los casos, los resultados de la prueba son inequívocos.
Además, Maxeh expresó que si los resultados no son concluyentes, entonces se recomienda que el paciente repita la biopsia. Si no es concluyente, el paciente tiene dos opciones: comprar un costoso examen molecular comercial (3.000 dólares) o someterse a una cirugía de extirpación parcial o completa de las glándulas.
En la primera fase del estudio, realizada en el Hospital Hadassah Ein Kerem, se tomaron 274 muestras de tiroides de pacientes, algunos benignos y otros malignos. Los investigadores identificaron las diferentes expresiones de microARN en nódulos tiroideos malignos y benignos, y crearon un panel de microARN con el que pudieron comparar muestras de células de nódulos.
“Cuando vimos que era posible diferenciar entre relaciones benignas y malignas, tomamos muestras de otro grupo de 35 asociaciones con una respuesta inequívoca y vimos que las diferencias en la expresión de los microARNs eran capaces de identificar correctamente la naturaleza de la relación, sea benigna o maligna, con una precisión del 94%”, aseveró. “Este es un gran avance, ya que este nivel de precisión es superior al de las otras pruebas comerciales y costosas disponibles en el mercado hoy en día.
“Hicimos pruebas a los pacientes y tratamos de predecir si tenían cáncer o no”, continuó Mazeh. “Resultó que nuestro panel de microARN es muy preciso”.
El equipo está buscando financiación para poder aumentar el número de células probadas contra su panel de microARN. Dijo que el equipo ya ha recibido llamamientos de hospitales de todo el mundo que desean enviar sus muestras para su análisis. Brinda una mayor precisión puede ayudar a muchos pacientes y médicos a decidir si someterse a una cirugía para extirpar la glándula tiroides.
“Además de las complicaciones potenciales de la cirugía, la extirpación de la glándula tiroides puede crear una dependencia permanente del paciente de la medicación, lo que afecta a todo su estilo de vida”, anotó Mazeh. “Esperamos avanzar en esta investigación tan pronto como sea posible para comenzar a poner la prueba a disposición del público y ayudar a tantos pacientes como sea posible”.
Vía Israel Noticias
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