El Banco de Lituania planea emitir una nueva moneda coleccionable de 10 euros para conmemorar el 300º aniversario del nacimiento del principal pensador judío del siglo XVIII, el Gaón de Vilna.
Nacido en 1720 como Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, el Gaón de Vilna fue un destacado juez judío y el principal líder de los Misnagdim, un movimiento contrario al movimiento jasídico en Europa del Este. A través de su comentario sobre el Talmud y otros textos, se convirtió en una de las figuras más familiares e influyentes en el estudio rabínico desde la Edad Media.
Gaón de Vilna
La moneda se lanzará en el segundo trimestre de 2020, y será la primera moneda continental en presentar una inscripción en hebreo.
El anverso de la moneda lleva el símbolo de los judíos lituanos (Litvaks) y una menorá estilizada que representa la identificación de la comunidad como ciudadanos desde el reinado del siglo XIV de Gediminas, el Gran Duque de Lituania.
Arriba está la denominación (10 €), abajo está la inscripción LIETUVA (que significa ‘Lituania’ en el idioma local), el año de emisión (2020), el sello distintivo del equipo creativo y la marca de ceca de la casa de la moneda lituana Mint.
Además, la moneda está rodeada con la inscripción “El año del Gaón de Vilna y la historia de los judíos de Lituania” en lituano y hebreo, así como el número 5780, el año en el calendario judío que corresponde a 2020.
El reverso de la moneda lleva dos signos: la letra hebrea en forma de corona Shin (ש) que en gematria (atribuyendo un valor numérico a las letras) representa el número 300, para conmemorar el 300º aniversario de su nacimiento, y הגר”א – un acrónimo de “Ha Gaón Rabbi Elyahu”, que significa “Gaón (Genio) Rabbi Elijah”.
La tecnología de tampografía se utilizó para resaltar la abreviatura de su nombre y la letra Shin.
El frente de la moneda
La parte inferior de la moneda presenta un pergamino simbólico de la Torá que encierra el número 300 grabado. El reverso también lleva las inscripciones “el Gaón de Vilna” y “Rabino Elijah ben Solomon Zalman” en los idiomas lituano y hebreo.
El nuevo doblón se lanzará bajo el lema “Vil, nor Gaón“, una popular frase en yiddish común entre las familias de Litvak desde los tiempos de Vilna Gaón, que se traduce aproximadamente como “Si quieres, tú también puedes ser un genio” y alienta a los niños para lograr sus objetivos.
El embajador israelí en Lituania, Yossi Avni-Levy, elogió el gesto de la Mint lituana: “Es un tributo muy hermoso en nombre del gobierno lituano a la gloriosa herencia judía de Vilna en el 300º aniversario del nacimiento del Gaón“.
Pero no todos están contentos con esta nueva iniciativa conmemorativa, ya que surgen afirmaciones de que el símbolo de la menorá ahuecado en el símbolo de la moneda, que representa a los judíos lituanos, ha sido apropiado por grupos de extrema derecha y neonazis en el estado báltico.
El escritor y educador judío de Vilna, Dovid Katz, protestó por la acción de la Mint en Defending History, un diario web que combate el revisionismo del Holocausto en Europa del Este: “Aparentemente, las buenas intenciones se han visto socavadas por los malos consejos de los barrios ultranacionalistas y, en algunos casos, por sus siempre entusiastas agentes y homenajeados. Cuando el símbolo aparece en formas y contextos medievales, en contextos de entreguerras y hoy en emblemas oficiales de agencias gubernamentales, es benigno y legítimo. El punto es que en los últimos años y décadas ha sido armado como un símbolo amado del antisemita de extrema derecha“.
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