Hace tiempo que se viene hablando de maquinas israelies que producen agua del aire. Sin embargo estas tecnologías funcionan simplemente como aires acondicionados” inversos.
Investigadores del Technion han desarrollado un sistema independiente que produce agua del aire, pero incluso en regiones desérticas.
El innovador sistema es capaz de proporcionar agua a comunidades pequeñas y aisladas, sin la necesidad de transportar agua a largas distancias.
Según las estimaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), alrededor del 13% de la población mundial sufrirá una disponibilidad insuficiente de agua potable para 2025.
Por esta razón, el acceso al agua dulce es uno de los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) adoptados por Naciones Unidas en 2015.
Este objetivo fue la motivación para desarrollar un sistema independiente para producir agua del aire.
La tecnología fue desarrollada por el profesor David Broday y el profesor Eran Friedler de la División de Ingeniería Ambiental, del Agua y Agrícola de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental de Technion, y el Stephen and Nancy Grand Water Research Institute (GWRI).
Es la primera tecnología de este tipo en el mundo: un sistema de eficiencia energética para producir agua limpia del aire.
A diferencia de la tecnología existente, el sistema de investigadores de Technion se basa en un proceso cíclico de dos etapas: separación de la humedad del aire por absorción utilizando una solución salina altamente concentrada y separación de la humedad del desecante debajo y condensación del vapor debajo -condiciones de presión atmosférica.
“Además de ser energéticamente eficiente, la nueva tecnología ofrece una ventaja adicional: como parte del proceso, el agua se somete también a procesos de eliminación de contaminantes”, dijo el profesor Broday.
“Nuestra tecnología convierte el agua en un producto básico ya que permite que se produzca agua en cualquier lugar el mundo, sin depender de las fuentes existentes de agua líquida.
El prototipo que hemos construido demuestra que el sistema funciona como se esperaba y actualmente trabajamos para convertirlo en un producto comercial “.
“Las tecnologías existentes funcionan simplemente como aires acondicionados” inversos”, al enfriar toda la masa de aire que ingresa al sistema para condensar la humedad”, dijo el profesor Friedler.
“Este enfoque de ‘enfriamiento directo’ es energéticamente ineficiente, ya que tales sistemas desperdician mucho de sus requerimientos de energía para enfriar aproximadamente el 97% del volumen de aire, que no es condensable.
La nueva tecnología implica enfriar solo la humedad que se ha extraído del aire, reduciendo significativamente la cantidad de energía requerida para producir agua”.
“No estamos compitiendo con la desalinización”, explicó el profesor Broday.
“Israel es una nación desarrollada situada cerca del mar y puede abastecer todas sus necesidades de agua a través de sistemas de desalinización.
Entre otras razones, esto se debe a que Israel es un país relativamente pequeño y una parte importante de la población vive a lo largo de la costa, de modo que el agua no es necesario transportarlo a largas distancias.
Por el contrario, transportar agua desalinizada a comunidades situadas lejos de la costa es muy costoso debido a la necesidad de tuberías extremadamente largas.
Aquí radican las ventajas de la nueva tecnología”. El sistema es particularmente relevante para comunidades pequeñas y aisladas que se encuentran lejos de fuentes de agua dulce o salada, ya que puede producir agua donde más se necesita.
Según el profesor Friedler, “además de ser un componente esencial de la vida, el agua también influye en otros aspectos importantes, entre ellos la salud individual y comunitaria e incluso el empoderamiento de las mujeres. En muchos lugares, las niñas no asisten a la escuela porque son ocupados proporcionando agua para la familia. Incluso como adultas, las mujeres dedican horas al transporte del agua. Además, el acceso al agua es un factor central en los enfrentamientos sangrientos en las regiones áridas en la actualidad y constituye uno de los principales motivos para la inmigración. El riesgo de que los niños mueran por el agua contaminada es 20 veces mayor que la muerte debido a actos violentos”.
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