A partir de la noche del 9 de noviembre de 1938, y durante todo el día siguiente, las tropas de asalto del nazismo junto con la población civil realizaron una serie de ataques contra la población judía de Alemania y Austria, hecho que se conoció como Kristallnacht.
Presentado por los responsables nazis como una reacción espontánea de la población tras el asesinato, el 7 de noviembre de 1938, de Ernst vom Rath, secretario de la embajada alemana en París por un joven judío polaco de origen alemán, Herschel Grynszpan, los pogromos fueron ordenados en realidad por el canciller del Reich, Adolf Hitler, organizados por Joseph Goebbels y cometidos por miembros de la Sturmabteilung (SA), la Schutzstaffel (SS) y las Juventudes Hitlerianas, apoyadas por el Sicherheitsdienst (SD), la Gestapo y otras fuerzas de la policía.
Estos pogromos fueron dirigidos contra los ciudadanos judíos y sus propiedades, así como también la destrucción de las sinagogas de todo el país y tiendas y edificios de propiedad judía.
Al menos 91 ciudadanos judíos fueron asesinados durante los ataques y otros 30.000 fueron detenidos y posteriormente deportados a los campos de concentración de Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald y Dachau.
Durante esas jornadas, las viviendas, negocios, hospitales y escuelas de la población judía, fueron saqueadas, destruidas, demoliéndolas con mazos y quemadas. Justamente, más de mil sinagogas fueron prendidas fuego y más de 7.000 tiendas de propiedad de judíos fueron destruidas o seriamente dañadas.
La Kristallnacht fue seguida por una persistente persecución política y económica a la población judía, y es considerada por los historiadores como parte de la política racial en la Alemania nazi y el paso previo del inicio de la Solución Final y del Holocausto.
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