Decorada con inscripciones en hebreo y árabe, la copa ritual del siglo XI fue adquirida por el Museo de Arte de Toledo, en Ohio, tras una subasta que marcó un récord histórico para el arte judío.
Conocida como la Cup of Joy (Copa de la Alegría), este objeto ritual no solo es la pieza de judaica más cara jamás vendida, sino también un testigo excepcional del intercambio cultural entre comunidades judías e islámicas a lo largo de la Ruta de la Seda.
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La copa fue adquirida por el Toledo Museum of Art, en Ohio, que la incorporará a su colección permanente. Según el museo, la adquisición representa un “hito” en su esfuerzo por preservar piezas que cuentan historias globales e interreligiosas, uniendo arte, espiritualidad y diálogo cultural a través de los siglos.
“Este extraordinario objeto amplía nuestra capacidad para narrar una historia más extensa e inclusiva de la creatividad humana”, dijo Adam Levine, director y CEO del museo.
“Nos honra incorporar la Copa de la Alegría a nuestra colección, donde contribuirá a esclarecer nuevas conexiones entre culturas y a profundizar la comprensión de los visitantes sobre las fuerzas globales que han moldeado la expresión artística a lo largo del tiempo”, agregó Levine.
Un arte compartido entre mundos
De acuerdo con Sotheby’s, la copa data del siglo XI o XII. Proviene de la región histórica de Jorasán, en Asia Central, una zona clave de la Ruta de la Seda. Su uso era ritual. Servía para el kidush, la bendición sobre el vino que marca el inicio del Shabat y otras festividades judías.
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A pesar de su pequeño tamaño —apenas nueve centímetros de alto—, la pieza destaca por la fineza de su orfebrería. Está decorada con grabados rellenados con niello. Es una técnica que utiliza una mezcla oscura de metales para resaltar los diseños, y lleva inscripciones tanto en hebreo como en árabe. Una combinación extremadamente rara en objetos rituales judíos.
En hebreo se lee: “Simcha, hijo de Salman… que viva por siempre.” En árabe, aparecen bendiciones como “gloria, prosperidad, salud, alegría”. La palabra “alegría” (surur) se repite dos veces, reflejando el nombre hebreo Simcha, (o Simja) que también significa alegría.
Los especialistas de Sotheby’s destacaron que esa convivencia de lenguas y estilos evidencia un momento histórico en el que las comunidades judías de Asia Central compartían técnicas artísticas, talleres y sensibilidades estéticas con el mundo islámico.
“No es solo un objeto ritual, sino un lenguaje artístico compartido entre confesiones”, afirmó Sharon Liberman Mintz, curadora de judaica de la casa de subastas.
Una superviviente del tiempo
En la venta del 29 de octubre último en Sotheby’s, la copa para kidush alcanzó un precio de 3.954.000 dólares, dentro del rango estimado al momento de su presentación, de entre tres y cinco millones, estableciendo un nuevo récord para piezas de judaica.
La Copa de la Alegría es una de las menos de dos decenas de copas rituales medievales conocidas. Muchas de sus contemporáneas desaparecieron hace siglos, enterradas o fundidas durante invasiones y conflictos, como los provocados por Gengis Kan en el siglo XIII.
El hecho de que esta pieza haya sobrevivido, con sus inscripciones legibles y su estructura intacta, ofrece una ventana única a un pasado en el que las fronteras culturales eran más porosas de lo que solemos imaginar.
Antes de la subasta, la copa fue exhibida en Londres, durante la Semana de Arte Islámico y de Oriente Medio organizada por Sotheby’s. Según lo previsto, será presentada al público en el museo de Ohio cuando se inauguren sus nuevas galerías, en 2027.
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