En 1927 el gobierno de España decidió enviar a China el buque “Blas de Lezo” (1922-1932), un crucero ligero con una tripulación de unos 400 hombres, que se uniría a la flota internacional, que las potencias occidentales, que se había desplazado a Shanghai como respuesta a los incidentes que habían sucedido en dicha ciudad. En aquellos años la ciudad de Shanghai estaba bajo el control de varios países occidentales, entre los que no se encontraba España.
El “Blas de Lezo” llegó a Shanghai el 27 de febrero de 1927, y permaneció allí 7 meses, bajo el mando del almirante inglés Reginald Tyrwhitt, tras los cuales regresó a España el 23 de agosto de 1927. A su partida,y como prueba de agradecimiento la colonia española de Shanghai obsequió a la tripulación con un diploma, del cual se conserva una fotografía.
Entre las firmas que figuran en el diploma, se pueden identificar las de varios miembros de la comunidad judia de Shanghai, de origen español: A. Cohen (Albert Cohen), Salomon Skenaz (Salomón Eskenazi Alhale), J. Haim (José Haim) y M. Beraha ( Mateo Beraha y Beja).
Albert Cohen
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| (Foto cedida por la Familia Cohen) |
Albert Cohen, era un judío sefardí, nació en Estambul (Turquía) en 1870, hablaba ladino y llegó a China entre los años 1904 y 1905, estaba casado con Linda Haim Cohen Notrica, también nacida en Turquía que llegó a Shanghai años más tarde, en 1915. Los Cohen tuvieron cinco hijos en Shanghai y mantuvieron una estrecha amistad con el cónsul español en Shanghai, Julio Palencia y su esposa.
Uno de los negocios de Cohen eran los rickshaws o rickhas, vehículos de transporte de un solo eje, con grandes ruedas de madera o recauchutadas, tirados por una persona.
En 1933 la familia Cohen, Albert y Linda, y sus hijos Gabriel (George), Maurice Albert y Liliane (Lilly) se trasladaron a Los Ángeles para que Albert padre pudiera seguir tratamiento médico, pese a lo cual falleció el 3 de abril de 1934, a los 64 años.
En la actualidad los descendientes de Albert Cohen continúan viviendo en Estados Unidos, y alguno finalmente ha regresado a Israel completando con ello un largo periplo alrededor del mundo que ha durado casi 2.000 años
José Haim Eskenazi
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| José Haim (Foto Secretaría de Gobernación de México) |
José Haim Eskenazi (Peppo Haim), español, también nacido en Estambul[2] en 1899, era cuñado de Albert Cohen, y juntos crearon una empresa de curtidos la “Shanghai Tanning Co” (Shanghai Leather Factory ) que diseñó el arquitecto húngaro László Ede Hudec.
Estuvo casado con la también española Edith Nahmias de Haim[4], nacida en El Cairo en 1913, con quien tuvo una hija, Arlette Haim Hahmias (Arleta Haim) que nació en Shanghai en 1934. Juntos llegaron a Mexico en septiembre de 1947 como refugiados políticos pasando a Estados Unidos en 1950.
Salomón Eskenazi Alhale
Salomón Eskenazi Alhale, español nacido en Estambul (Turquía), era hermano de la madre (Sarina) de la mujer de Albert Cohen, Linda Notrica (Linda Haim Cohen Notrica ), es decir el tío de Linda Cohen.
Salomon y su hermano Yako (jack) trabajaron para Albert Cohen en sus negocios de cines de Shanghai. Aunque ambos nacieron en Constantinopla (Estambul), Salomón tenía pasaporte español, pero Yako no, era turco (Por eso seguramente no aparece su firmaen la foto).
En 1927 Salomon compró el cine Cine Hongkew (电 影院 ) que había pertenecido al también español Antonio Ramos Espejo quien lo había construido en 1908 con 250 asientos, siendo considerado el primer cine de Shanghai.
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| Hongkew Cinema de Shanghai, desaparecido en la actualidad, aunque una placa recuerda el lugar en el que se encontraba |
Salomon se casó con una dama rusa con el nombre de Sarah Perlman y tuvieron un hijo, nacido en 1933 y llamado José, José Skenaz. Tanto su esposa y su hijo llegaron a los EE.UU. en 1947 y no pudieron regresar debido a la toma de poder comunista en 1949. A Salomon le fueron confiscados sus bienes, y finalmente llegó a Hong Kong en 1954. Obtuvo visado para viajar a Los Angeles para reunirse con su mujer e hijo pero murió de un ataque al corazón poco antes de partir en Hong Kong.
Mateo Beraha y Beja
Mateo Beraha y Beja (Matheo Beraha, 倍来亨洋行 ), era también un judio sefardí español, nacido en 1983 en Salonica, que en aquel momento pertenecía a Turquía, aunque en la actualidad pertenece a Grecia. Mateo llegó a Shanghai, con sus sobrinos Dario Beraha y Albert Beraha, desde Marsella (Francia) en 1919, y creó junto al ciudadano francés Fernando Stetten la empresa Beraha & Stetten, Ltd (倍来亨洋行 ) dedicada al comercio de productos de lujo (tallado de piedras semipreciosas, distribución de relojes suizos como Omega y Tissot a partir de 1932).
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| Encabezado de la firma Beraha & Stetten Ltd (Cortesia de Omtis Hong Kong) |
También entró en el negocio de las salas cinematográficas, y así en 1928 funda la “Filmos Company Limited” 飞马影片公司” cuyo gerente sería Salomón Skenazi, en 1930 adquirió una participación en el cine Chekiang (Cineco, Ltd, compañía de Shanghai, empresa constituida en Hong Kong en 1926) y en 1932 también se convirtió en copropietario del Cine Lafayette que también diseñó László Hudec
En 1949 trasladan el negocio a Hong Kong donde sus descendientes continúan con la actividad comercial.
Huella en Shanghai
En la Shanghai actual se conservan el edificio del Consulado Español (Actual casa del consul francés en 1431 de Huaihai Zhonglu, 淮海中路1431), el edificio del Star Garaje de Albert Cohen construido por el arquitecto español Abelardo Lafuente (Tiendas y comercios en 125 Bubbling Well Road, en la actualidad, Nanjing lu 南京路), el club judio también proyectado por Abelardo Lafuente (en la actualidad es parte del Conservatorio de Música de Shangha,上海音乐学院, en la avenida Nanjing 南京西路702-722) y la sinagoga Ohel Rachel de Shanghai, construida en 1920, y que frecuentaban los sefardies españoles (abierta ocasionalmente desde 2010, en 500 Shaanxi North Rd, Jing’an, Shanghai.
Por Juan Pablo Sanchez (Publicado en la Revista del Instituto Confucio de Valencia – ESefarad)
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