Theresienstadt, el ‘Guetto, campo modelo’ en Checoslovaquia. Por Nora Avruj

 

Desde el 24 de noviembre de 1941 hasta el 5 de mayo de 1945
aproximádamente 155.650 judíos fueron deportados al guetto de Terezín
(Pequeña Fortaleza) en Checoslovaquia.
Este campo, guetto se
destacó del resto por su rica vida cultural, en él operaban 4 orquestas,
grupos de cámara de jazz y se llevaron acabo varias representaciones
teatrales.
Los prisioneros en su mayoría eran artistas,
escritores, científicos, juristas, diplomáticos, músicos, acentuándose
de este modo la llamada ¨resistencia cultural¨.
Terezín también
se destacó por ser el que contó con mayor cantidad de población
infantil, estos niños escribieron historias, poemas, publicaron
periódicos y prepararon la representación de una ópera titulada
¨Bundibar¨.
El objetivo nazi a la hora de construir el guetto,
campo, era la de permitir la transferencia gradual de judiós a campos de
exterminio, sin deportarlos abiertamente de sus pueblos de
residencia. La decición era hacer de Terezín ¨una comunidad judía
autoadministrada¨, con un local de ventas, una moneda propia, un
servicio postal, un cabaret, una orquesta, un hospital, una panadería,
una gran manufactura artesanal, y un concejo judío, un centro cultural
en el que algunos rabinos traducían y comentaban el Talmud. Pero todo
esto no era más que una fachada, los prisioneros vivían en condiciones
humillantes, trabajando como esclavos para el régimen, en condiciones
infrahumanas de hacinmiento, falta de higiene y hambre.
La
población moría por la falta de alimento o de tifus, los que lograron
sobrevivir fueron enviados a los campos de exterminio de Auschwitz y
Treblinka.
Para concluir podemos decir que Terezín fué una
entidad muy particular por la doble cara que tuvo en su condición de
campo y guetto simultáneamente, este modelo fue único durante el período
de la guerra.
Prof. Nora Avruj

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