El Tribunal Constitucional alemán rechaza ilegalizar al principal partido neonazi del país

El Tribunal Constitucional alemán rechazó hoy ilegalizar el Partido Nacional Democrático (NPD), el principal aglutinante de los neonazis del país.

Los jueces del TC, con sede en Karlsruhe (oeste) respondieron así a la solicitud de ilegalización impulsada en 2012 por la cámara de representación territorial (Bundesrat), tras fracasar en 2003 un primer intento de prohibición por defectos formales.

Según el tribunal, el ideario político del partido «desprecia la dignidad humana y es incompatible con los principios de la democracia», pero no hay indicios de que pueda llevar adelante sus propósitos inconstitucionales.

Su objetivo, añadió, es eliminar el orden democrático establecido y sustituirlo por un estado autoritario orientado hacia una comunidad «étnicamente definida», pero la demanda de inconstitucionalidad no tiene los argumentos necesarios como para prohibirlo.

En la sentencia, aunque se reconoce que algunos de los miembros del NPD pueden tener comportamientos criminales, se considera que el partido no puede incidir en la vida parlamentaria alemana ni formar coaliciones para perseguir sus objetivos.

La sentencia era esperada con gran expectación en el país, donde no se había ilegalizado ningún partido desde hace sesenta años, cuando se prohibió el Partido Comunista de Alemania (KPD) en la República Federal.

La demanda de los «Länder» -estados federados- se apuntalaba en el argumento de que el NPD es un «heredero ideológico» del nacionalsocialismo de Adolf Hitler, es xenófobo, antisemita y practica acciones de acoso y agresiones tanto contra extranjeros como contra políticos principalmente de ámbito municipal que defienden la acogida de refugiados.

El TC es el único estamento legitimado en Alemania para ilegalizar un partido y en 2003 había desestimado una primera solicitud, entonces respaldada por las dos cámaras del Parlamento y el Gobierno, al establecerse que estaba fundamentada en datos de infiltrados o confidentes, que a su vez eran agitadores del NPD.

El Bundesrat decidió impulsar un nuevo proceso en solitario, tras la conmoción causada por el grupúsculo Clandestinidad Nacionalsocialista (NSU), una célula integrada por tres neonazis que durante años asesinó impunemente a nueve inmigrantes y una agente de la Policía, y cuyos miembros mantenían contactos con el NPD.

El NPD, fundado en 1968, es actualmente una formación debilitada que ha perdido en diez años un tercio de su militancia -tiene apenas 5.000 miembros- así como todos los escaños que tuvo en cámaras regionales, aunque mantiene un eurodiputado.

En los comicios generales de 2013 obtuvo un 1,3 % de los votos y nunca tuvo un horizonte parlamentario sólido como el que se vislumbra ahora para la nueva derecha radical de Alternativa para Alemania (AfD), a la que los sondeos pronostican hasta un 15 % en las elecciones al Bundestag (cámara baja) del próximo septiembre.

Su principal base financiera son los fondos públicos que percibe del Estado, 1,4 millones de euros anuales, debidos mayormente a sus 340 concejales en distintos puntos del país.

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