El cáncer de pulmón es uno de los tipos más violentos de cáncer, responsable de la muerte de 1,6 millones de pacientes cada año.
Una novedosa prueba de sangre, desarrollada en Israel, logra diagnosticar el cáncer mucho antes de que se propague en el cuerpo.
Científicos israelíes de la empresa Nucleo, con sede en Rehovot, han pasado exitosamente la segunda fase de pruebas y estiman que para el 2020 podría estar disponible.
La nueva prueba es capaz de diagnosticar la enfermedad en etampas tempranas y no sintomáticas, aumentando así las posibilidades de supervivencia. Muchos pacientes suelen morir dentro de unos meses del diagnóstico.
Cada año se diagnostican aproximadamente 1,8 millones de casos de cáncer de pulmón, de los cuales 1,59 millones muren dentro del primer año del diagnóstico.
La mayoría de los casos de dianostico temprano se descubren por casualidad, luego de un CT (tomografía computarizada) por alguna otra cosa, que muestra la enfermedad.
El diagnóstico de la enfermedad generalmente se realiza a través de una CT, pero su nivel de precisión no es alto, y en el 25 por ciento de los casos, la exploración pulmonar muestra lesiones de las cuales sólo el 3% son realmente cancerosas.
El test fue creado por el Doctor Elon Ganor, CEO de Nucleix, en colaboración los doctores Danny Frumkin, Adam Wasserstrom y Ofer Shapira.
La prueba se basa en la caracterización genética del cáncer. La metilación del ADN es un conjunto de ‘interruptores’ que activan o desactivan genes específicos para permitir que diferentes tipos celulares desempeñen su papel.
Por lo tanto, es una poderosa herramienta para distinguir entre tipos de células. Las células cancerosas muestran cambios en el patrón de metilación en relación con las células sanas, y si uno pudiera “leer” estos cambios de metilación contra un fondo grande de señal normal proveniente de células sanas, se podría detectar la presencia de tumores en los fluidos corporales Como la orina y la sangre.
Esto es exactamente lo que hace Nucleix. Nucleix ha desarrollado un método para leer estos códigos y detectarlos con una sensibilidad extremadamente alta.
Los cambios en la metilación del ADN proporcionan un biomarcador óptimo debido a:
– la alta estabilidad de las moléculas de ADN
– la gran cantidad de información en los patrones de metilación
– y la extracción y análisis de ADN que incluye un trabajo de laboratorio simple y estándar.
Nucleix proporciona el mejor análisis de metilación en su clase gracias a su tecnología de punta. Esta es una herramienta bioinformática que permite el desarrollo rápido y sistemático de paneles biomarcadores para una amplia gama de tareas clínicas.
La citosina es una de las cuatro bases principales encontradas en el ADN y se mantiene unida por tres enlaces de hidrógeno.
Un estudio realizado por el profesor Haim Cedar de la Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalem encontró que la molécula de tres enlaces de hidrógeno sirve como una especie de interruptor de encendido / apagado que activa (o desactiva) diferentes genes y tiene un efecto decisivo en nuestra susceptibilidad al cáncer y otras enfermedades . Cuando se produce un cierto cambio en la misma molécula, comienza una división salvaje de células descontroladas, dando lugar a la formación de tumores cancerosos.
Los investigadores israelíes fueron capaces de aislar el cambio específico en esa molécula de tres enlaces y diseñado un único análisis de sangre que lo identifica.
Para examinar la eficacia del desarrollo, se realizaron dos estudios, en los que participaron 170 voluntarios en cada estudio: 70 eran pacientes con cáncer de pulmón y 100 sanos (control), que pertenecían a grupos de alto riesgo de cáncer de pulmón, (fumadores).
Los resultados mostraron una especificidad del 94% (es decir, el 94% de los sujetos sanos fueron efectivamente identificados como sanos) y una sensibilidad del 75%. Este es un nivel muy alto de precisión.
Esta es otra tecnología israelí, que en un futuro próximo salvara literalmente la vida de cientos de millones de personas.
LatamIsrael
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