Un niño de 9 años encontró un amuleto de oro de unos 3000 años de antigüedad mientras colaboraba en un proyecto arqueológico realizado en el Monte del Templo de la ciudad vieja de Jerusalen, en Israel. El importante hallazgo fue comunicado a finales de noviembre por la página oficial de este proyecto.
Temple Mount Sifting Project es el nombre de los trabajos arqueológicos que un grupo de especialistas y de voluntarios realizan en el citado Monte, donde estuvo en la antigüedad el Templo de Salomón. Dicho lugar es un sitio sagrado para las tres religiones monoteístas, el judaismo, el cristianismo y el Islam. Y, además, uno de los reservorios arqueológicos más importantes del mundo.
En ese contexto, el pequeño voluntario Binyamin Milt encontró en agosto, mientras tamizaba la tierra junto a otros voluntarios, un pequeño cilindro con el centro hueco y en forma de flor, formado por cuatro capas de diminutas bolas o gránulos de oro. Esta cuenta es verdaderamente diminuta: tiene 6 milímetros de diámetro y unos 4 milímetros de altura.
Por tratarse el oro de un material que no se arruina ni se oxida, el objeto (amuleto de oro) estaba perfectamente conservado. Según los análisis de los especialistas, su antigüedad dataría del período conocido como del «Primer Templo» de la historia judía. Esta etapa tuvo lugar entre los años 980 y 586 antes de Cristo. De ahí que se calcula que su antigüedad es de unos 2500 a 3000 años.
Según el doctor Amir Golani, de la Autoridad de Antigüedades de Israel, un especialista en el análisis de las joyas y objetos de este primer período, las piezas de joyería de oro rara vez se encuentran entre los artefactos arqueológicos. En aquel entonces, el oro no era refinado y muchas veces contenía un porcentaje significativamente alto de plata.
De hecho, en un primer momento, cuando el arqueólogo supervisor de Benyamin vio el amuleto de oro, pensó que se trataba de un objeto moderno. Pero más tarde, al analizar los hallazgos del Templo del Monte, el experto Gabriel Barkay notó que la cuenta era muy similar a varios artículos de plata de otros yacimientos arqueológicos de la región, especialmente en sistemas funerarios, la mayoría de ellos también pertenecientes al tiempo del «Primer Templo».
El granulado: un proceso sofisticado
De acuerdo con la explicación de los expertos, el proceso de granulado mediante el cual estaba hecha la pieza de oro requería una habilidad muy especial del artesano que lo realizara. El método consistía en unir pequeñas bolas de plata u oro entre sí o a otra pieza de metal. Exigía un alto nivel de preparación, ya que se debía manejar los metales a altas temperaturas para poder unirlos. Era un trabajo de muy alta complejidad.
En esta etapa no está claro para qué sirvió o para qué se usaba la cuenta que se encontró. Este tipo de piezas, también llamado abalorio, suelen formar parte de otra joya más grande, como una pulsera o un collar. Quizás era parte de un adorno usado por un personaje importante que visitó el Templo o por un sacerdote.
En aquel tiempo, en el antiguo Egipto, se le atribuía al oro un significado mágico debido a sus propiedades de brillo y excelente conservación en el tiempo, cualidades que le otorgaban connotaciones de eternidad y conexión con el Dios Sol.
En este sentido, el codirector del proyecto, Zachi Dvira, dijo al medio The Times of Israel que la singularidad del hallazgo y lo más curioso reside en que es extremadamente raro encontrar joyas de oro fuera de tumbas o tesoros.
«Es difícil explicar por qué una cuenta es tan interesante e importante. Pero sería muy esclarecedor saber de quién era la cuenta. No es como hoy, que todos pueden tener joyas de oro. En ese entonces era muy raro, y algo imposible para la gente común», dijo el experto.
Las joyas de oro generalmente se reciclaban de generación en generación, informó el experto. Por lo que el descubrimiento de una pequeña cuenta de oro es raro en contextos arqueológicos. Por ello este especialista tiene la esperanza de que la cuenta sea parte de una pulsera o collar que puede haber dejado otras cuentas. «Si hay una cuenta de oro, la persona no tenía una sola cuenta, tenía una pieza entera de joyería de oro», concluyó.
La Biblia relata que la fuente de oro en la tierra de Israel en tiempos bíblicos era Arabia del Sur y Ofir, en el cuerno de África (Somalia). El oro incluso puede haber llegado a Israel desde países mediterráneos como España y Grecia, a través de comerciantes fenicios, aunque es probable que su principal fuente haya sido Egipto.
Vía La Nación
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