Mi último libro, Khojaly: A Crime Against Humanity, narra la masacre de Jodyali, uno de los capítulos más oscuros de la historia reciente. La historia de la masacre cometida en 1992 en Jodyali, Azerbaiyán, es una pesadilla de guerra, que muchos de nosotros conocimos en la infancia.
Algo que me impactó al estudiar y recorrer Azerbaiyán, en los últimos años, es que su cultura y su gente la hacen sumamente especial. Azerbaiyán atravesó momentos buenos y momentos terribles, pero siempre ha permanecido del lado de la justicia; contra los nazis y el extremismo y en favor de celebrar la pluralidad de culturas y credos, en un espacio compartido. El resto del mundo tiene mucho que aprender de este ejemplo. Estas características resuenan sobre todo en los sobrevivientes del genocidio de Jodyali; más aún entre los que vivieron la pesadilla durante la infancia, y hoy aún son relativamente jóvenes.
Anar Usubov hoy tiene 37 años y vive en Estados Unidos. Cuando nos encontramos, recientemente, me relató una historia de supervivencia al genocidio, su propia historia familiar; algo que resonó mucho en mí.
Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, al abuelo de Anar, Shahhuseyn, lo reclutaron por el Ejército soviético para combatir contra los nazis. Finalmente, fue capturado y enviado a Auschwitz. El comandante que recibía a los prisioneros el día en que su abuelo llegó al campo, separaba a los judíos de los musulmanes —los musulmanes tenían mejores posibilidades de sobrevivir—. Pero la circuncisión, una prueba común para determinar si un hombre era judío o no en los campos de concentración nazis, no servía para identificarlos pues los hombres musulmanes también se circuncidan.
Leer más: La Embajada de Azerbaiyán en Argentina organizó un acto conmemorativo en homenaje a las víctimas de Jodyalí
Por lo tanto, para diferenciar a ambos grupos, los guardias pedían a los hombres musulmanes que recitaran un versículo específico del Corán en árabe, un pasaje que, prácticamente todos los hombres judíos desconocían. Los nazis tenían una larga y numerosa fila de prisioneros nuevos que registrar ese día. Shahhuseyn vio la oportunidad de salvar muchas vidas y les enseñó a los judíos que estaban a su alrededor el versículo en árabe para salvarlos de una muerte segura. Los guardias acabaron por darse cuenta y lo azotaron casi hasta la muerte. Shahhuseyn sobrevivió, y ese día, su audacia y acto de bondad probablemente salvaron vidas judías.
El nieto de este héroe, Anar, me dijo: «me reconforta saber que mi abuelo no vivió para verme pasar lo que él creyó que jamás volvería a suceder».
Cuando Anar tenía ocho años, las tropas armenias comenzaron a invadir la región de Nagorno-Karabakh, en su tierra, Azerbaiyán. Para Anar, esconderse en un ático en lugar de ir a la escuela durante varios años era relativamente sencillo comparado con la noche en que la aldea de Joyali fue brutalmente atacada, en febrero de 1992. A medida que se desataba la masacre, miles de hombres, mujeres y niños eran masacrados, incluida gran parte de la familia de Anar.
El hecho de que el abuelo de Anar sea sobreviviente de Auschwitz y salvador de judíos, y que hoy las comunidades judías trabajen junto a los sobrevivientes de Jodyali, es un avance asombroso en la historia y un testimonio de que la bondad es inherente a la naturaleza del hombre. El genocidio de Jodyali es un audaz recordatorio de que hay mucho trabajo por hacer.
Rabino Israel Barouk
President of #Israel @PresidentRuvi Rivlin speaking on #Khojaly #Genocide (committed by #Armenia on Feb. 26, 1992 against #Azerbaijani civilians) at @UN GA, mentioning this #genocide alongside others that the UN could not stop after #Holocaust pic.twitter.com/22yy77vWuR
— Durdane Agayeva (@KhojalySurvivor) February 23, 2021
Presidente de Israel Reuven Rivlin dirigiendo un discurso en la ONU sobre el genocidio de Khojaly entre otros.
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