Ocho décadas después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Portugal finalmente reconoció la gesta de su cónsul Aristides de Sousa Mendes, quien desde su puesto en Burdeos, Francia, ayudó a miles de judíos a escapar del Holocausto
Sousa Mendes emitió un número nunca definido de visas de tránsito y pasaportes bajo su autoridad de cónsul general portugués en la ciudad portuaria francesa en 1940.
Según algunos de sus biógrafos, el diplomático entregó alrededor de 30.000 papeles para refugiados que huían del régimen nazi. Al menos 10.000 de ellos eran judíos que escapaban de las masacres cometidas por las tropas alemanas.
Pero lo más destacado de su labor es que Sousa Mendes desafío las órdenes que habían llegado desde Lisboa, adonde la dictadura de António de Oliveira Salazar prohibió la emisión de visas y pasaportes para refugiados, en particular para los judíos, rusos y personas expatriadas.
El diplomático fue suspendido de su cargo y debió regresar a Portugal, adonde fue castigado y objeto de desprecio por parte de la dictadura de Salazar. Finalmente, murió olvidado y en la pobreza el 3 de abril de 1954.
Si bien fue parcialmente reivindicado desde finales de la década del ’80, cuando el régimen de Salazar era ya un recuerdo, fue recién este martes que se pagó homenaje oficial a Sousa Mendes al colocarse una placa y una tumba en el Panteón Nacional portugués, en Lisboa.
La tumba está vacía y fue instalada en el Panteón solamente como homenaje. Sousa Mendes pidió ser enterrado en su pueblo natal, Carregal do Sal, unos 260 kilómetros al norte de Lisboa, adonde descansan sus restos.
Leer más: A los 101 años falleció el sobreviviente del Holocausto Eddie Jaku
“Son raras las personas que, en el momento decisivo, ponen en riesgo su seguridad y la de su familia por un bien mayor”
Durante la ceremonia, el presidente de Portugal, Marcelo Rebelo, dijo que su país está “eternamente agradecido” a la “estatura moral” del diplomático.
“Son raras las personas que, en el momento decisivo, ponen en riesgo su seguridad y la de su familia por un bien mayor”. Esto afirmó por su parte, el líder del parlamento portugués, Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues.
Sousa Mendes, destacó Ferro, “fue una de esas personas”.
El reconocimiento oficial de Israel a Sousa Mendes ya había llegado en 1966. Fue cuando Yad Vashem, el museo y memorial que recuerda a las víctimas del Holocausto, una de las más destacadas organizaciones del país, incluyó al diplomático portugués entre los Justos entre las Naciones.
Se trata de un grupo de personas consideradas “salvadores” de judíos y judías durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Al día de hoy, la lista incluye a casi 28.000 personas, no judías, en su gran mayoría ciudadanos de países europeos. También se destacan algunos latinoamericanos.
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