Nacer en hebreo. Por Jorge Rozemblum

Nacer en hebreo
Nacer en hebreo

La columna de Jorge Rozemblum: nacer en hebreo

Como hemos comentado en varias ocasiones, los que crecen con el hebreo como lengua materna o primaria desarrollan, gracias a sus particularidades de construcción gramatical a partir de letras organizadas en raíces, una forma de comunicar – y, a la larga, incluso de pensar – diferente, por ejemplo, a la que tenemos quienes nos hemos criado en lenguas romances.

Uno de los ejemplos más llamativos de esta diferencia conceptual la tenemos en lo relativo al “nacimiento”, comenzando por el hecho de que, en hebreo, no se “nace” sino que uno “es nacido” (como en inglés donde nacer se dice “to be born”, en pasivo). Para ello, se usa una raíz de sólo dos letras: Lamed y Dalet.

Leer más: Todos judíos, excepto los judíos. Por Jorge Rozemblum

A los citados términos de nacimiento (LeiDá) y ser nacido = nacer (lehivaLeD), se le suman muchos más, que en lenguas como el castellano tienen múltiples expresiones distintas, como yeLeD (niño = el nacido), yaLDá (niña = la nacida), pero también yoLeDet (la pariente = madre) o la que ayuda en el parto meyaLeDet (= matrona).

Si les parece poco, al recién nacido humano se le denomina vaLaD y al animal en situación similar vaLDán (quizás asombre a los apellidados Valdano que se denomine vaLDanit a una hembra muy prolífica en descendencia).

Leer más: El hebreo, idioma lateral. Por Jorge Rozemblum

Y es que, en general, dar a luz se dice lehoLiD, la infancia es yaLDut e incluso hay muchas expresiones complejas que utilizan esta raíz, como gan yeLaDím (parvulario), yom huLeDet (cumpleaños, literalmente, día de haber sido nacido) o jag hamoLaD (Navidad, que viene de natividad, palabra también relacionada con el nacimiento, en este caso, de Jesús).

Pero el alcance de esta fórmula tan escasa en recursos como abundante en significados es aún mayor y más audaz si pensamos en términos como moLeDet (la patria, el lugar donde uno nace, aunque en hebreo es más bien la “matria”, el país donde uno es parido); de manera análoga a toLaDá, que es la estirpe de descendientes, aunque en sentido figurado también se usa como “resultado”, es decir los “hijos” que hacemos nacer a partir de determinadas circunstancias desencadenantes.

Y llegamos nada menos que a toLDot, una palabra que ha sido utilizada a menudo como sinónimo de historia, pero que en realidad significa “consecuencias”. Lo que vamos “pariendo” en la vida con nuestras decisiones (por cierto, esta palabra, a veces transliterada como Toledot y en la que se quiere ver una extraña referencia a la historia y a la ciudad española de Toledo, no tiene nada que ver con ésta, ya que el nombre de la ciudad se escribe en hebreo con la letra Tet en lugar de la Taf (inicial y final) de toLDot (a veces transliterada como “TH” y pronunciada como una “Z” española – como en “THeater” en inglés- o una “S” – como el “iSgadal veiSkadash shmei rabó”, en la pronunciación idishista de la oración funeraria del Kadish en arameo).

Leer más: El relator, el número y la peluquería: cosas del hebreo. Por Jorge Rozemblum

Algún antisemita interpretará esta economía de letras como una evidencia de la proverbial tacañería judía, aunque tendría que encontrar una explicación a la abundancia y riqueza semántica de un idioma resucitado después de miles de años y capaz de producir (hoy) tal esplendor de significados.

Shabat shalom

Jorge Rozemblum

Director de Radio Sefarad

www.radiosefarad.com

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