A quienes nos interesa leer sobre política, nos acostumbramos a escuchar acerca de los sindicatos. Estas organizaciones provenientes del mundo de los trabajadores que nacen para defender sus intereses comunes y organizarse políticamente. Estoy seguro que el lector de esta columna podrá nombrar, sin mucho esfuerzo, al menos tres líderes sindicales famosos (e incluso algunas denuncias en los medios y causas judiciales en contra de estos). En estos difíciles momentos de pandemia, con discursos presidenciales y acalorados debates sobre medicina con gente totalmente ignorante en la materia, podemos ver como los sindicatos siguen siendo una voz importante en las cuestiones de nuestra sociedad.
Con temor a equivocarme, dudo que alguien haya pensado en los judíos como primera opción al hablar del tema. La historia nos demuestra que tuvieron un rol muy activo en la organización de los sindicatos, en diversos momentos y regiones del planeta. En el caso de nuestro país, tuvieron un rol fundamental. Fueron quienes, junto con las comunidades de italianos y españoles, trajeron nuevas ideas políticas como el anarquismo y el socialismo. Estas ideas fueron la base de los primeros sindicatos modernos de la Argentina. Para el año 1890, no era extraño ver apellidos judíos en las listas de afiliados y delegados de varias centrales sindicales de ramas tan amplias como los trabajadores de imprenta, de comercio y hasta los ferroviarios. El judío era sinónimo de pequeño comerciante y de trabajador manual. En la provincia de Entre Ríos llegaron a ocupar un gran porcentaje de los jornaleros de los campos. En Estados Unidos tuvieron un rol similar, pero fue principalmente en Europa donde se dio con más fuerza. Allí se dio un caso paradigmático. Hablamos del famoso Bund, un sindicato y partido político de raíz socialista fundado en 1897, que representaba pura y exclusivamente los intereses de la colectividad judía del Imperio Ruso el cual llegó a ostentar 40000 afiliados. Con la inmigración hacia nuestro país, se generaron pequeños grupos que intentaron generar una representación sindical a imagen del Bund, sin el mismo éxito, lograron afiliar algunos trabajadores en el popular barrio del Abasto a principios del siglo pasado.
¿Cuándo se pierde esta presencia?. Fruto de la emancipación, la inmigración y el desarrollo económico de las colectividades en el mundo, se observa un proceso de transformación. Muchos al emigrar cambiaron sus formas de vida, no era lo mismo la vida del judío campesino en Rusia que la de su nieto médico en Nueva York. En muchos casos, el viejo obrero se trasformó en patrón, abandonando así la visión del mundo que estos tenían (más de uno de los lectores de esta nota tendrá algún conocido que sufrió esta cambio).
Hoy en día el sindicalismo judío se ha transformado en algo tenue en términos reales, mientras que solo en Israel mantiene algunas de las fórmulas clásicas.
Guido Jasovich – 21 años
Estudiante de Ciencias Políticas
Foto: gentileza Perfil
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