La Violencia en la actualidad. Por Dr. José Milmaniene

Asistimos en la actualidad a  múltiples expresiones de  una violencia  pulsional, feroz y sangrienta,  sin código alguno, ni siquiera el que evidenciaba tradicionalmente el crimen organizado. El asesinato gratuito e inmotivado,  a sangre fría, resulta producto de una violencia parricida sin elaborar, producto del odio a  padres violentos e irascibles, que suelen humillar  a sus hijos en la infancia, los que luego despliegan su agresividad y sadismo indiscriminado,  como forma de resarcimiento vengativo.

Los delincuentes juveniles son sujetos resentidos que denuncian a las estructuras familiares perversas en las que se criaron, con roles parentales colapsados e invertidos. La figura de la madre fálica –dominante y posesiva-  y de un padre “maternizado” – débil e incapaz de imponer los límites simbólicos – resulta una combinación muy frecuente, generadora de patologías y trastornos de conducta   en los niños.

Así las relaciones familiares de maltrato y desprecio originan  hijos que buscan  a través del delito,  resarcirse de una infancia sin ley ni amor. Las pandillas de delincuentes juveniles , las “barras bravas”, ciertas  tribus urbanas , las gavillas de sicarios, denuncian la orfandad  y la carencia de figuras paternas consistentes , las que arrojan a toda una generación  a un universo anómico, caracterizado por un circuito infernal  de transgresión-culpa-castigo, que deriva finalmente en la marginalidad y la muerte.

La atracción nihilista por  el riesgo y las conductas masoquistas expresan la extrema violencia de quienes  encuentran en la destrucción su única causa.

Si al autoritarismo de los sistemas represivos le corresponde una violencia excesiva, infiltrada de sadismo, a las sociedades disgregadas de la posmodernidad les retorna una violencia caótica, puro instinto de muerte, que no fue atemperado y pacificado por el Padre protector.

El goce vindicativo busca saldar con la muerte las múltiples formas de los traumas  padecidos en la infancia: los castigos sádicos, el desprecio, las injurias, la desprotección y el uso perverso de los hijos al servicio del narcisismo parental.

El autoritarismo generó múltiples patologías sociales e individuales, pero dejó la opción del “parricidio simbólico”, dado que dejó abiertas las opciones de la rebeldía, de  las políticas transformadoras y de la superación creativa de las coacciones represivas.

Pero la carencia de legalidad y de referencias simbólicas normativas, arroja a los sujetos en la confusión y en las explosiones inconducentes de  violencia, los que se precipitan en conductas impulsivas  que siempre desconocen y atacan al Otro.

Además, el sujeto huérfano  de figuras paternas que lo orienten y lo inscriban en el respeto a la legalidad,  suele restituirse a través del sometimiento masoquista a líderes mesiánicos y/o autocráticos, y en lugar de sociedades basadas en genuinos lazos sociales asentadas en el respeto y el reconocimiento de la alteridad, surgen masas embrutecidas, propensas al racismo y la discriminación.

Se impone trascender pues la oscilación  entre un orden patriarcal represivo y castratorio y su contrapartida especular, el régimen anómico de la posmodernidad, en el cual se ha llegado al extremo en que los hijos les dictan las normas a los padres,  y los alumnos castigan a maestros atemorizados e impedidos de imponer sanciones,  a las conductas desquiciadas de jóvenes violentos y prepotentes.

Las políticas  paternales que recusan la justa imposición de los límites subjetivantes, como expresión reactiva a  posibles excesos y  desbordes autoritarios, derivan finalmente en “pacíficas complicidades”  que alimentan las reacciones agresivas de retorno que despliegan las certezas perversas de los hijos, y que delatan la violencia erotizada inherente a todo régimen pulsional no acotado por la palabra legislante del Padre.

Asistimos pues a expresiones que delatan el incremento de la violencia, que se despliega sin código alguno, y que mortifica los  cuerpos,  y exalta el sufrimiento  y la muerte, sin ninguna otra meta que no sea la destrucción del Otro.

Impresiona la gratuidad de los crímenes y crueldad de las agresiones, las  que ni siquiera resultan instrumentales para la consumación de los fines delictivos perseguidos, tal como lo patentizan las golpizas a inmigrantes indefensos o a integrantes de minorías étnicas o religiosas o a alumnos vulnerables durante la infancia y la adolescencia.

Vale la pena recordar que el pensamiento judío ha valorizado a la Ley  simbólica como el fundamento mismo de la vida cultural, que deviene así en el máximo reaseguro para la convivencia pacífica entre los hombres.

Por Dr. José Milmaniene
Médico psiquiatra y psicoanalista.
Miembro titular en función didáctica y Profesor del Instituto del Psicoanálisis de la Asociación Psicoanalítica Argentina.
Otra de sus obras publicadas son «La Función Paterna» y «Arte y Psicoanálisis».

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