La experta israelí Liat Ben David dirige el área de educación del sexto centro de investigación científica más importante del mundo.
Los acalorados debates sobre educación suelen dejar de lado un aspecto central de la formación de los estudiantes: cuánto aprenden sobre ciencia, en qué medida son capaces de observar la realidad, hacerse preguntas e imaginar posibles respuestas. Todo esto que hace a “la aventura de la educación científica” es fundamental para el futuro desarrollo de los chicos y de los países, de acuerdo a visión de la israelí Liat Ben David.Esta experta dirige el Instituto Davidson que es el área de Educación del Instituto Weizmann, el sexto centro de investigación científica más importante del mundo. Estuvo en la Argentina para hacer acuerdos de colaboración y conversó con Clarín.
– Usted es bióloga, ¿por qué se dedicó a la enseñanza de la ciencia?
– El método científico, el pensamiento crítico y la lógica les permite a los chicos tomar mejores decisiones y resolver problemas en sus vidas cotidianas y esto va más allá de la profesión que luego elijan. No sirve solo para los científicos, también si sos un artista, un hombre de negocios, o lo que seas. Esas habilidades te permiten pensar y comportarte en el mundo de una manera exitosa. Para mí la educación científica no es otra área de enseñanza, ni siquiera una disciplina o una metodología, para mí es una forma de vida.
– ¿Cuáles son las claves para enseñar ciencia en la escuela?
– Primero, instar a los estudiantes a que se hagan preguntas. No decirles las respuestas sino dejar que las descubran. Permitirles que cometan errores. Si los cometen, motivarlos a que lo hagan de nuevo. Combinando esto obtendrás alumnos que serán curiosos, que se harán preguntas sobre lo que descubren y que no dudarán. Y no tendrán miedo de probar, porque sabrán que pueden probar otra vez. Serán creativos, tendrán imaginación. Necesitamos esa imaginación para desarrollar ciencia porque de eso se trata la ciencia, de imaginar los fenómenos. Además, los instaría a que usen estas herramientas y forma de pensar para su vida cotidiana. Aunque no sean científicos, estarán mucho mejor preparados para el futuro.
– ¿Qué enfoque le dan en el Instituto Davidson?
– En primer lugar, estamos ubicados en el mismo sitio que el centro de investigaciones. Es una forma de mostrar que somos un puente entre la ciencia y el público general. Tenemos todo tipo de propuestas. En verano ofrecemos actividades libres y los chicos vienen porque quieren. Durante el año hay actividades para las escuelas y otras organizaciones. Son todas muy activas: los chicos tienen que venir y experimentar, tienen que escuchar lecciones y debatirlas. Son todas para hacer con las manos y en movimiento. Hay de química, física, matemática, biología, ciencias de computación, de la tierra, del espacio.
– ¿Para chicos de qué edad?
– La mayoría son para estudiantes secundarios. Pero también tenemos programas para profesores y para el público general. Además, tenemos un sitio web de divulgación científica, que es líder en en Israel. Tiene unas 3 millones de visitas al año y somos 7 millones de habitantes. Tenemos el mayor promedio de tiempo de lectura de artículos: 4,7 minutos, que es enorme. ¡Y son todas notas sobre ciencia!
– Con respecto a los estudiantes secundarios. ¿Qué opina de la propuesta de hacer prácticas educativas durante el último año?
– Experimentar el mundo afuera de la escuela es muy importante. Pero siempre teniendo en cuenta que está cambiando muy rápido: las profesiones cambian, el conocimiento avanza todo el tiempo, así que preparar a los chicos para algo que no sabemos como será no sirve. Lo que sí sirve es prepararlos en el método y en el pensamiento científico, así desarrollan su autoestima y sienten que son competentes y capaces de explorar las situaciones que se les presenten. Sabrán que siempre necesitarán pares, que se aprende en equipo, que es mejor debatir con otros, tener distintos roles y puntos de vista. A esta altura del siglo XXI, este tipo de habilidades sociales son las que tienen que desarrollar los estudiantes secundarios.
– ¿Es más importante que hacer una práctica en una empresa?
– Depende lo que vayas a hacer allí. En Israel tenemos programas de pasantías, que son optativas. Una buena educación es crearles a los alumnos un ancho camino que les permita ir probando y encontrar así su pasión. Lo que sí es obligatorio es hacer algo fuera del colegio que sea un servicio para la sociedad.
– ¿De un año o seis meses?
– Una cierta cantidad de horas. Y es en carácter voluntario, los estudiantes no reciben salario por esto.
– ¿Y qué eligen en general?
– La mayoría elige colaborar con la Estrella de David Roja (el equivalente a la Cruz Roja), donde trabajan con las ambulancias en los primeros auxilios. Muchos van con los sobrevivientes del Holocausto, que necesitan ayuda. Y algunos prefieren trabajar con chicos de jardín de infantes de áreas vulnerables.
Vía Clarín
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