Se cumplen 75 años del inicio de los Juicios de Nuremberg

El 20 de noviembre de 1945 se inició en Nuremberg el mayor juicio de la historia
El 20 de noviembre de 1945 se inició en Nuremberg el mayor juicio de la historia

El 20 de noviembre de 1945 se inició en Nuremberg el mayor juicio de la historia. En el que 21 de los más altos dirigentes del régimen nazi, entre ellos el sucesor designado de Hitler, Hermann Goering, tuvieron que responder por primera vez ante la justicia internacional por sus crímenes.

Desde 1943 las potencias aliadas empezaron a reflexionar sobre el destino de los criminales de guerra alemanes. Incluso antes de la capitulación nazi se adoptó el principio de un proceso sin precedentes, ante un tribunal internacional y en público. Sólo seis meses después del fin de las hostilidades los fiscales, representantes de las cuatro potencias aliadas (Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, Francia y Rusia), reunieron 300.000 testimonios y unas 6.600 pruebas, apoyados por 42 volúmenes de archivos.

El proceso se celebró en una ciudad en ruinas, pero cuyo palacio de justicia conectado a una prisión sigue en pie. Nuremberg, antigua ciudad imperial, es sobre todo el símbolo del nazismo. Era el lugar donde Adolf Hitler tenía sus grandes reuniones y donde fueron promulgadas en 1935 las leyes antijudías que precedieron al Holocausto.

Leer más: Benjamin Ferencz, a los 100 años: el único fiscal vivo de los Juicios de Núremberg

Hace exactamente 75 años, a las 10 de la mañana, comenzó el primer juicio en la sala de audiencias 600 del tribunal, en presencia de cientos de periodistas. «La verdadera parte demandante en el estrado es la civilización», declaró el fiscal estadounidense Robert Jackson.

En el banquillo de los acusados se encontraban los más altos dignatarios nazis aún vivos tras los suicidios de Hitler, Joseph Goebbels y Heinrich Himmler. Hermann Goering, ex número dos del régimen. Rudolf Hess, lugarteniente de Hitler. Alfred Rosenberg, el ideólogo del partido; Fritz Sauckel, el responsable del trabajo forzoso; y Joachim von Ribbentrop, el ministro de Asuntos Exteriores.

El veredicto llegó el 1 de octubre de 1946: doce condenas a muerte (entre ellas una en rebeldía para Martin Bormann, el secretario de Hitler cuya muerte se desconocía entonces), tres condenas a cadena perpetua, dos penas de 20 años de prisión, una de 15 años y una de 10 años. Tres de los acusados evitaron la cárcel a través de absoluciones que sorprendieron a los observadores de la época.

El 16 de octubre de 1946 a la 1 de la mañana diez de los condenados a muerte fueron ahorcados. Hermann Goering se suicidó unas horas antes en su celda tragando una cápsula de cianuro para escapar de un ahorcamiento que consideraba indigno de un soldado.

Todos los cuerpos, incluido el de Goering, fueron incinerados y sus cenizas esparcidas en un afluente del río Isar. El objetivo era evitar que sus tumbas se convirtieran en lugares de reunión. Tiempo después Nuremberg fue sede de otros 12 procesos judiciales a responsables nazis, entre ellos doctores, ministros y militares del régimen.

Ynet en español

 

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