Esguinces. Por Dr. David Sznajderhaus

esguince-lesion-de-los-ligamentos-por-dr-david-sznajderhaus
esguince-lesion-de-los-ligamentos-por-dr-david-sznajderhaus

El esguince es una lesión de los ligamentos que se encuentra alrededor de una articulación. Los ligamentos son fibras fuertes y flexibles que sostienen los huesos y cuando estos se estiran demasiado o presentan ruptura, la articulación duele y se inflama.

Causas  

Los esguinces son causados cuando una articulación es forzada a moverse en una posición no natural. Por ejemplo, la «torcedura» de un tobillo ocasiona esguince en los ligamentos que se encuentran alrededor de éste. Lo mismo puede pasar en la rodilla y aún en la muñeca.

Síntomas   

Primeros auxilios   

Sin ninguna duda, es fundamental lo que se hace en las primeras horas. Y acá van las recomendaciones que van a colaborar para que la lesión sea lo menos severa y recupere en el menor tiempo posible.

-Aplicar hielo inmediatamente para ayudar a reducir la inflamación, envolviendo el hielo en un pedazo de tela y evitando aplicarlo directamente sobre la piel.

-NO SE DEBE tratar de mover el área afectada. Si se debe colocar un vendaje firme pero no apretado sobre el área afectada. En caso de ser necesario, se debe usar una férula.

-Mantener elevada la articulación inflamada por encima del nivel del corazón, incluyendo el tiempo durante la noche cuando se va a dormir. Con esto se evita la inflamación y el edema producto de la lesión.

-Dejar en reposo la articulación afectada por varios días. Mínimo tres semanas.

-Antes de volver a la actividad deportiva, se impone el control por el especialista quien determinará si la  lesión ha curad o si se requiere algún tratamiento más.

-La aspirina, el ibuprofeno, diclofenac y otros medicamentos para el dolor ayudan.

-No se debe aplicar presión al área afectada hasta que el dolor se resuelva (generalmente 7 a 10 días para esguinces leves y 3 a 5 semanas para esguinces graves) y es posible que la persona requiera el uso de muletas para caminar.

Leer más: El ejercicio en la tercera edad. Por Dr. David Sznajderhaus

Temas a considerar

No hacer nada frente a estas lesiones hasta no ser visto por un médico, ya que puede tratarse no solo de un esguince sino de una fractura y ese dicho que se escucha en los campos de juego: PISA FUERTE, puede agravar el cuadro. Sobre todo si la articulación está muy deformada o el dolor es muy intenso al mover. 

Respetar lo que nos dice nuestro cuerpo en una lesión es el principio del tratamiento.

Dr. David Sznajderhaus (www.docterapi.com)

Médico Deportólogo

MN 70.630

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