En estos días, 21 y 22 de abril de 2021, después de algún aplazamiento por las restricciones de reunión derivadas de la pandemia, finalmente se celebraron en la ciudad andaluza de Málaga las Jornadas Internacionales que la Federación de Comunidades Judías de España a través de la Asociación Ibn Gabirol organiza con la presencia de algunos de los mayores expertos mundiales en la emblemática figura del poeta y filósofo Shlomó Ibn Gabirol, a quien debemos estas palabras: “Yo he escrutado los secretos del lenguaje cadencioso, y he franqueado las puertas de las ciencias y del saber, entre sus piezas dispersas, collares pude recoger, y entre lo que era olvidado, perlas pude coleccionar […]. Yo penetré en sus moradas, las cuales permanecían arcanas a todo sabio, y así escribo cánticos que a mi alma alivian, y al corazón refrigeran de sus aflicciones”.
Ibn Gabirol Salomón ben Gabirol, Jehudah, Selomoh ben Yeüda ibn Gabirol, Abu Ayyub Suleyman Ibn Yahya ibn Gebirul, ha-malaqui, Avicebrón, Ibn Gabirol. El malagueño. Filósofo, gramático, poeta… Ibn Gabirol (Málaga c.1021- Valencia, c. 1070) mostró, desde niño, un ansia de saber y un conocimiento monumentales.
Criado en Málaga, se desplazó con sus progenitores hasta Zaragoza, al calor de la comunidad judía de la época en esa ciudad. Pero los avatares de su vida fueron muchos. Se dice que murió en 1070, año 5430 de la era judía.
Se cumple un milenio de su nacimiento, si bien su obra permanece viva en el trabajo de quienes estudian la cultura hispanojudía y las letras medievales.
Dominaba el hebreo bíblico, pero también el árabe, y asimiló la filosofía neoplatónica, así como parte de la herencia de Aristóteles.
Leer más: Gabirol: judío errante en Sefarad. Por Jorge Rozemblum
Sus versos se aferraban a la vida, sin dejar por ello de ser profundamente espirituales, marcados sin duda por una existencia solitaria, de la que se conocen algunos episodios (con sus lagunas, hipótesis y leyendas).
La originalidad de su obra y su legado influirían, de manera muy destacada, en el desarrollo de la filosofía occidental. También en pensadores posteriores de la categoría de Tomás de Aquino, Spinoza y Hegel.
Fue, además, un pensador dialogante y conciliador en tiempos donde la intransigencia y el fanatismo comenzaban a invadir Al-Ándalus.
El encuentro comenzó el miércoles 21 al mediodía en los jardines de la calle Alcazabilla de la ciudad, frente a la estatua de Ibn Gabirol. Realizada por Hamilton Reed Armstrong en 1970, donde se llevó a cabo una ofrenda floral y la lectura de sus poemas a cargo de los actores Salva Reina y Natalia Verbeke.
La inauguración institucional en el Auditorio del Museo Picasso contó con la intervención de responsables de las entidades colaboradoras y organismos públicos. Dando paso a una Mesa redonda titulada “El contexto histórico, figura y legado de Ibn Gabirol”. Moderada por el dr. Miguel Ángel Espinosa (Profesor titular de Historia y cultura del pueblo judío en la Universidad de Granada). Con la participación del dr. Ángel Galán Sánchez (Catedrático de Historia Medieval en la Universidad de Málaga, investigador en la Universidad de Edimburgo y profesor invitado en las universidades de Lyon-2, París 1 Panteón-Sorbona y Roma Tre.
Leer más: La patria del camino. Por Jorge Rozemblum
Autor de casi un centenar de obras relacionadas con la España medieval), la dra. Line Amselem (escritora y traductora. Profesora de Literatura, historia y cultura española de la Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France); y la dra. Amparo Alba Cecilia (Catedrática de Hebreo de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Académica de la Historia. Especialista en Literatura hebrea medieval).
Al día siguiente, jueves 22 de abril al mediodía, tuvo lugar una nueva Mesa redonda, esta vez bajo el título “El pensamiento de Shlomó Ibn Gabirol: filosofía y ética”. Con una intervención online pregrabada de la dra. Sarah Pessin (Profesora de Filosofía y Pensamiento judío en la Universidad de Denver, especializada en filosofía judía y neoplatonismo, directora del Centro de Estudios Judaicos de Denver y autora del libro “La teología del deseo de Ibn Gabirol”).
A continuación, el debate estuvo moderado por la dra. Tania María García Arévalo (Profesora en el Departamento de Estudios Semíticos, Área de Estudios Hebreos y Arameos de la Universidad de Granada, especialista en la lingüística y literatura judeoárabes del norte de África, así como en los sefardíes en el Magreb tras las descolonizaciones), con la participación de la dra. Amelia Valcárcel y Bernaldo de Quirós (filósofa y Catedrática de Filosofía Moral y Política de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Vicepresidenta del Real Patronato del Museo del Prado y miembro del Consejo de Estado.
Incluida en la lista de los 50 intelectuales iberoamericanos más influyentes elaborada por la Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior); el dr. Juan Fernando Ortega Muñoz (Catedrático Emérito de Filosofía de la Universidad de Málaga, autor del “Tratado de filosofía primera”, “María Zambrano. Biografía”, “La eterna Casandra” y el reciente “Shlomó Ibn Gabirol. Filósofo y poeta malagueño”); y el dr. Andrés Martínez Lorca (filósofo y escritor, Catedrático Emérito de Filosofía en la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia y académico de número de la Academia Ambrosiana de Milán, director desde su creación la prestigiosa Colección Al-Ándalus – Textos y Estudios, en la madrileña Editorial Trotta).
Leer más: Música judía en España. La columna de Jorge Rozemblum
Por la tarde del mismo jueves, la nueva Mesa redonda “El legado en la literatura. La poesía de Shlomó Ibn Gabirol” estuvo moderado por la dra. Mª José Cano, directora de las Jornadas, y contó con la participación de la dra. Doğa Filiz Subaşi (jefa de área y profesora de Lengua y literatura españolas en la Universidad Yozgat Bozok de Turquía, experta en la cultura, historia e idioma de los sefardíes otomanos, y en la Turquía actual).
La dra. Khadija Saidi (profesora e investigadora de Lenguas y literaturas árabe y hebrea de la Universidad Abdelmalek Essaâdi de Tetuán en Marruecos, y experta en el legado cultural de los judíos andalusíes y literatura hebrea medieval); además de la intervención online de la dra. Rachel Peled Cuartas (Ciencias de las Religiones por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, investigadora y traductora de literatura hispano-hebrea medieval y asociada de Investigación postdoctoral del Departamento de Estudios Iberoamericanos de la Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalén).
El acto de clausura estuvo a cargo de la citada dra. Mª José Cano (Catedrática de Estudios Hebreos en la Universidad de Granada) y contó con la intervención del consejero de la Presidencia de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía, Elías Bendodo Benasayag.
Jorge Rozemblum
Director de Radio Sefarad


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