Un estudio llevado a cabo por Facundo Manes junto a un equipo internacional de investigadores de Colombia, Chile, Estados Unidos y Australia, que acaba de ser publicado en la revista Nature Human Behavior, reveló que los terroristas juzgan las acciones de los demás enfocándose en los resultados de una acción en lugar de pensar en sus intenciones subyacentes, sugiriendo que su código moral prioriza los fines sobre los medios.
Este patrón anormal de la cognición moral puede ser uno de los factores clave detrás de los actos crueles cometidos por los grupos terroristas. Por ello, el trabajo destaca la importancia de evaluar el juicio moral para caracterizar a los grupos terroristas y comprender los procesos socio-cognitivos implicados en sus actos brutales.
La capacidad de razonar sobre las intenciones es crucial para juzgar si las acciones de otros son correctas o incorrectas, inofensivas o nocivas, aceptables o punibles. En el caso de los actos terroristas, ampliamente considerados por la sociedad como moralmente inadmisibles, sus actores justifican sus acciones por la lógica de que los fines justifican los medios. Sin embargo, la forma en que los terroristas perciben este compromiso y hacen juicios morales no se entiende completamente.
Los investigadores realizaron pruebas cognitivas y psicológicas a 66 paramilitares colombianos encarcelados por cometer actos terroristas (todos condenados por asesinato y con un promedio de 33 víctimas por sujeto), 66 no delincuentes sociodemográficamente equiparados y 13 asesinos encarcelados no vinculados a grupos terroristas.
Encontraron que los terroristas exhiben niveles mayores de agresividad y niveles más bajos de reconocimiento emocional que los no criminales. Sin embargo, las diferencias más significativas se registraron en la cognición moral, que permitía distinguir más fuertemente a los terroristas de los otros grupos.
En este marco, comprobaron que los terroristas extremos juzgan moralmente las acciones de los demás centrándose en los resultados de una acción. Que su código moral prioriza los fines sobre los medios había sido hipotetizado por muchas teorías sociológicas sobre el terrorismo, pero nunca antes había sido demostrado de esta manera.
Mientras que múltiples disciplinas intentan comprender las atrocidades del terrorismo, hasta ahora la contribución de las ciencias cognitivas había sido prácticamente nula. «Creo que la importancia y relevancia del artículo reside en que a menudo las separaciones interdisciplinares nos juegan en contra», explicó Agustín Ibáñez, uno de los autores del informe, a la Agencia Iberoamericana para la Difusión de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (DiCYT).
«Para hacer frente al terrorismo de manera efectiva es necesario comprender los múltiples factores que dan forma a este fenómeno», resaltó Manes a Infobae.
Este estudio muestra que herramientas relativamente sencillas provenientes de las ciencias cognitivas, como son las tareas de juicio moral, «podrían tener un potencial enorme para avanzar en la de la cognición en la vida real, en este caso en la compresión de los perfiles cognitivos de individuos que provienen de entornos socioculturales con alto niveles de agresión y conductas de deshumanización, como el caso de los terroristas», concluyó Ibáñez.
En el estudio, que además de Manes e Ibáñez lleva la firma de los científicos Sandra Baez, Eduar Herrera y Adolfo M. García, han participado la Universidad Favaloro, el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (Argentina), la Universidad de los Andes, la Universidad ICESI y Universidad Autónoma del Caribe (Colombia), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez (Chile), el Boston College (Estados Unidos) y la Macquarie University (Australia).
Fuente: Infobae.com
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