La realidad ha forjado un carácter singular en los judíos israelíes, que puede chocar por su pragmatismo. Aunque éste es justamente el método más eficaz para alcanzar un objetivo que, en el caso de la historia de ese estado, es absolutamente claro: la supervivencia.
Evidentemente, las comunidades judías han debido enfrentarse a lo largo de su historia con amenazas sin fin. Sólo a partir del siglo XX (impulsados por los ideales sionistas de reconstrucción nacional) se habilitaron opciones, como la autodefensa ante las agresiones.
Lo que quedó claro desde el primer momento fue que no sería un camino de flores.
En 1898 Herzl viajó a Tierra Santa para coincidir con la visita del káiser Guillermo II y convencerle de hablar con el sultán otomano para que considere la creación de un estado judío en torno a Jerusalén.
No lo consiguió. Tampoco le hubiera valido mucho, ya que al poco tiempo dicho imperio perdió la guerra y fue desmembrado por el británico.
Tampoco convino creerse a pies juntillas el compromiso de este último para establecer un hogar nacional para los judíos en toda esa zona, ya que dos años después desgajarían de la misma la mayoría del territorio para crear una nación hasta entonces inexistente (Transjordania), y treinta más tarde desmontarían los restos del Mandato para crear dos estados, uno de los cuales (el árabe) ni siquiera era aceptado por quienes iban a gozar de independencia.
Los israelíes se acostumbraron desde el principio a tener muy clara la meta y ser muy creativos con la vía para llegar a ella.
Leer más: Los macabeos y el pánico de Adán. Por Jorge Rozemblum
Desde entonces acuñaron una frase en hebreo que esta vez no procede de los textos sagrados: “tojnít hi basís leshinuyím”. Un plan o programa no es más que una base sobre la que llevar a cabo cambios.
Es un concepto que se aleja de los esquemas positivistas y que muchas veces acaba con la paciencia de quien debe medirse o negociar con ellos.
En cualquier otra latitud un plan es un plan y hay que seguirlo a rajatabla para que funcione. Si no lo hace, se cambia por otro y así sucesivamente.
Otro ejemplo, la asombrosa capacidad militar demostrada por un pueblo hasta entonces sin ejércitos y banderas propias deriva en gran medida (tanto ahora con un buen arsenal, como cuando en la Guerra de la Independencia de 1948 nadie quería venderles armamento) de su capacidad de improvisar sobre la marcha: la cultura de la “jaltura”. Un comandante en combate recibe un objetivo. De todas maneras, la mayoría de las veces éste no se captura siguiendo los métodos del manual. El que lo hace de esa manera generalmente no prospera en el escalafón.
Por ello, un país pequeño y rodeado de enemigos pudo, no ya sobrevivir, sino prosperar hasta convertirse en una economía pujante y que destaca por su ingenio y creatividad, elementos clave de emprendimientos científicos, tecnológicos y empresariales, que empiezan (start en inglés) sin perder de vista la meta (up): hacia arriba, aunque a veces haya que bajar para cobrar impulso.
Shabat shalom
Jorge Rozemblum
Director de Radio Sefarad
abudabi
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