Pésaj comienza el lunes 22 de abril por la noche y finaliza la tarde del 30 de abril. Es una festividad judía que rememora la milagrosa salida de Egipto y nos inspira a defender la libertad.
A continuación, una guía al material completo:
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¿Qué es Pésaj?
Pésaj rememora los sucesos narrados en el libro del Éxodo del Pentateuco: la llegada de los Hijos de Israel a Egipto, la esclavitud y los trabajos forzados a manos del tiránico Faraón y la salida milagrosa gracias al accionar Divino. Con Moisés a la cabeza, los israelitas se enfrentan a sus opresores y alcanzan la libertad.
El mensaje esencial de Pésaj sigue vigente: luchar por la libertad del ser humano en todas las sociedades para lograr una civilización basada en el respeto a la autonomía del otro, respetando su individualidad y características únicas.
La historia de Pésaj
En Pésaj, que se celebra desde el 15 al 22 de Nisán, conmemoramos la salida de los Hijos de Israel de la opresión faraónica.
La familia de Jacob había llegado a Egipto durante una hambruna, en busca de sustento. Luego de un recibimiento honorable y de acomodarse a la sociedad egipcia, llegó al poder un nuevo Faraón. Temeroso de una rebelión, comenzó a discriminar a los Hijos de Israel. Paulatinamente, les fue imponiendo trabajos forzados hasta esclavizarlos. También persiguió sin piedad a todos los bebés recién nacidos hombres, matándolos cruelmente. Iojebed, la madre de Moisés, depositó a su hijo en una cesta en el río, con la esperanza de que se salvara. Bajo la atenta mirada de su hermana Miriam, Moisés fue rescatado por Batia, la hija del Faraón. Así, creció en el palacio real. Ya adulto, Moisés vio la opresión de sus hermanos a manos de los egipcios, se dio cuenta del daño social y humano que eso implicaba y huyó hacia Midián. Luego de muchos años, volvió, guiado por Dios, para liberar a su pueblo.
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Luego de advertencias al Faraón por su accionar inmoral, Dios envió diez plagas a Egipto para mostrar su poderío y castigar a los responsables de la corrupción imperante. Finalmente, los Hijos de Israel, apurados por el mismo Faraón, ya completamente desbordado por la situación caótica, salieron hacia la libertad.
¿Cuándo se celebra Pésaj?
Pésaj comienza el día quince del mes del año hebreo llamado Nisán. Se festeja durante siete días en la Tierra de Israel y durante ocho días en la diáspora. Los primeros y últimos dos días son los más importantes. Este año, 2024, en Argentina comienza durante la puesta de sol del Lunes 22 de abril y termina a la tarde del martes 30 de abril.
¿Cómo se saluda en Pésaj?
El saludo tradicional es “Pésaj casher vesaméaj”, que se traduce como “Pésaj apto y alegre”. El sentido es desear que se cuiden correctamente las restricciones alimentarias de la festividad y realizarlo de manera feliz y alegre.
¿Cuál es el propósito espiritual de Pésaj?
En Pésaj, se nos llama a sentirnos como si nosotros mismos hubiéramos sido esclavos en Egipto: el objetivo es que empaticemos con los oprimidos y comprendamos su dolor y su sufrimiento. Estos sentimientos deberían llevarnos a actuar para acabar con las injusticias y ennoblecer a la humanidad mediante la bondad y la misericordia.
¿Cómo se celebra Pésaj?
Se elimina todo vestigio de alimentos fermentados de las cinco especies (trigo, cebada, centeno, avena y espelta). En reemplazo del pan, se consume Masá (pan ázimo). Se preparan comidas festivas y se relata la salida de Egipto leyendo la Hagadá de Pésaj (pequeño libro que compila la historia de la esclavitud y el Éxodo, con explicaciones rabínicas, canciones y alimentos alusivos a esos eventos). También se realizan rezos especiales relacionados con la festividad.
¿Cuáles son las costumbres de la festividad de Pésaj?
Se come Matzá (pan ázimo) durante toda la semana. Hay alimentos típicos que se preparan a partir de la Matzá. Las primeras dos noches se relata la salida de Egipto leyendo la Hagadá de Pésaj. Se incentiva especialmente a los niños a participar, con preguntas y respuestas, juegos y canciones. El objetivo es transmitir las costumbres y valores básicos a las próximas generaciones.
¡Gracias por compartir esta interesante noticia sobre Pésaj! Es maravilloso conocer las tradiciones y el significado detrás de esta festividad judía. La historia de la salida de los Hijos de Israel de la opresión faraónica es realmente inspiradora y nos recuerda la importancia de luchar por la libertad y el respeto a la autonomía de los demás.
Es fascinante saber que Pésaj se celebra durante siete días en la Tierra de Israel y durante ocho días en la diáspora, siendo los primeros y últimos dos días los más significativos. Además, el saludo tradicional «Pésaj casher vesaméaj» transmite los deseos de una festividad apta y alegre, donde se cumplan adecuadamente las restricciones alimentarias y se disfrute con felicidad.
La participación de los niños en Pésaj a través de preguntas, respuestas, juegos y canciones es una hermosa forma de transmitir las costumbres y valores a las generaciones futuras. Además, la eliminación de alimentos fermentados y el consumo de Masá (pan ázimo) durante toda la semana son prácticas significativas para conmemorar la festividad.
En resumen, Pésaj nos invita a reflexionar sobre la importancia de la libertad y nos motiva a actuar contra las injusticias, fomentando la bondad y la misericordia en nuestra humanidad. Es una festividad llena de tradiciones y costumbres que fortalecen la identidad y la conexión con la historia judía. ¡Que todos los que celebran Pésaj tengan una festividad llena de alegría y significado!
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