El primer trasplante de médula espinal del mundo se realizará en Israel y podría permitir a los pacientes volver a caminar

el-primer-implante-de-medula-espinal-del-mundo-se-realizara-en-israel-y-podria-permitir-a-los-pacientes-volver-a-caminar
el-primer-implante-de-medula-espinal-del-mundo-se-realizara-en-israel-y-podria-permitir-a-los-pacientes-volver-a-caminar
Israel se prepara para realizar el primer implante de médula espinal humano del mundo con células del propio paciente, un avance médico que podría permitir a pacientes paralizados recuperar la movilidad y la marcha, anunció el miércoles la Universidad de Tel Aviv . La cirugía, prevista para los próximos meses, se realizará en Israel y marca un hito histórico en la medicina regenerativa.
Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, más de 15 millones de personas en todo el mundo viven con lesiones de la médula espinal, la mayoría de ellas como resultado de causas traumáticas como caídas, accidentes de tránsito y violencia.
Actualmente, las lesiones de la médula espinal no tienen cura completa, por lo que el tratamiento se centra en estabilizar al paciente, prevenir daños mayores y maximizar la función. La atención de emergencia suele implicar inmovilizar la columna vertebral, reducir la inflamación y, en ocasiones, realizar cirugía para reparar fracturas o aliviar la presión.

La rehabilitación incluye fisioterapia y terapia ocupacional, así como dispositivos de asistencia como sillas de ruedas y aparatos ortopédicos.
Si bien se están explorando terapias experimentales, como células madre y dispositivos robóticos, aún no existe ningún tratamiento que restaure de forma fiable la función completa de la médula espinal.
Las lesiones de la médula espinal son una de las pocas lesiones humanas en las que el cuerpo no puede curarse naturalmente, y el tejido es estructuralmente complejo y extremadamente sensible.

La médula espinal transmite señales eléctricas desde el cerebro a todas las partes del cuerpo. Cuando se corta por un traumatismo, como un accidente de coche, una caída o una lesión en combate, la cadena se rompe. Imaginemos un cable eléctrico cortado: cuando los dos extremos ya no se tocan, la señal no puede pasar y el paciente queda paralizado por debajo de la lesión —explicó el profesor Tal Dvir, director del Centro Sagol de Biotecnología Regenerativa y del Centro de Nanotecnología de la Universidad de Tel Aviv, quien lidera el proyecto—. Dvir también es el científico jefe de Matricelf, la empresa biotecnológica israelí que comercializa la tecnología.

A diferencia de otros tejidos, las neuronas de la médula espinal no pueden regenerarse de forma natural y, con el tiempo, el tejido cicatricial bloquea las señales restantes. El nuevo procedimiento busca reemplazar la sección dañada con médula espinal cultivada en laboratorio que se fusiona con tejido sano por encima y por debajo de la lesión. Estudios en ratas han mostrado resultados notables, ya que los animales han recuperado la capacidad de caminar con normalidad.
La innovación comenzó hace unos tres años, cuando el laboratorio de Dvir diseñó una médula espinal humana tridimensional personalizada . Los hallazgos, publicados en la revista Advanced Science, mostraron que ratones con parálisis crónica recuperaron la movilidad tras recibir los implantes diseñados.
El procedimiento comienza con células sanguíneas del paciente, que se reprograman para convertirlas en células similares a células madre, capaces de transformarse en cualquier tipo celular. También se extrae tejido graso para crear una estructura de hidrogel personalizada, en la que las células similares a células madre se transforman en una estructura de médula espinal. Este tejido modificado se implanta posteriormente, reemplazando las zonas cicatrizadas y reconectando el sistema nervioso.
El Ministerio de Salud de Israel aprueba ensayos de «uso compasivo».

Hace unos meses, el Prof. Dvir y su equipo recibieron la aprobación preliminar del Ministerio de Salud de Israel para ensayos de «uso compasivo» en ocho pacientes, convirtiendo a Israel en el primer país en intentar este procedimiento. «Sin duda, esto es un motivo de orgullo nacional. La tecnología se desarrolló aquí en Israel, en la Universidad de Tel Aviv y en Matricelf, y desde el principio tuvimos claro que la primera cirugía se realizaría en Israel, con un paciente israelí», declaró Dvir.

La tecnología fue luego comercializada a través de Matricelf, que se fundó en 2019 bajo un acuerdo de licencia con la empresa de transferencia de tecnología de la Universidad de Tel Aviv , Ramot.
Este hito marca la transición de la investigación pionera al tratamiento del paciente. El uso de las células propias de cada paciente elimina riesgos clave de seguridad y posiciona a Matricelf a la vanguardia de la medicina regenerativa. Este primer procedimiento es más que un avance científico; es un paso hacia la transformación de un área de la medicina que durante mucho tiempo se consideró intratable», afirmó Gil Hakim, director ejecutivo de Matricelf.
Añadió: «Si tiene éxito, esta terapia podría definir un nuevo estándar de atención en la reparación de la médula espinal, abordando un mercado multimillonario que actualmente carece de soluciones efectivas. Nos enorgullece que Israel lidere este esfuerzo global y estamos plenamente comprometidos a llevar esta innovación a pacientes de todo el mundo».
Nuestro objetivo es ayudar a los pacientes paralizados a levantarse de sus sillas de ruedas. Los ensayos con modelos animales mostraron un éxito extraordinario, y esperamos que los resultados en humanos sean igual de prometedores, afirmó Dvir.Jerusalem Post

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