«Mi infancia perdida»: Yad Vashem lanza una exposición online sobre la vida de niños sobrevivientes del Holocausto

Shmuel Gesundheit
Shmuel Gesundheit

Con motivo del Día Internacional de la Conmemoración del Holocausto, el Museo Yad Vashem de Jerusalén presentó una nueva exposición fotográfica. Se trata de «Mi infancia perdida», que muestra a niños que sobrevivieron a la Shoá.

Alrededor de 1.5 millones de niños murieron durante el Holocausto. Pero decenas de miles sobrevivieron en campos, bosques, monasterios, hogares cristianos, diversos escondites y hasta en las calles. Algunos niños fueron encontrados aún vivos en los campos de concentración después de la guerra.

“Los niños y adolescentes vivieron el Holocausto en toda su brutalidad. Guetos, campos, escondites, vagando de un lugar a otro y en las marchas de la muerte. Fueron víctimas de abusos, humillaciones, trabajos forzados, hambre, abandono y, en algunos casos, incluso experimentos médicos. La mayoría de ellos perdieron a sus seres queridos y fueron despojados de su infancia”, escribe Yad Vashem junto a la exposición.

Niños y personal que conmemoran el aniversario de la muerte de Herzl en el hogar de niños en Zabrze, Polonia, después de la guerra
Niños y personal que conmemoran el aniversario de la muerte de Herzl en el hogar de niños en Zabrze, Polonia, después de la guerra

Después de la guerra, algunos fueron llevados a refugios en Polonia, Hungría, Holanda, Alemania y Francia. Los mismos eran de gestión privada, mientras que otros fueron creados por movimientos y organizaciones.

La exposición cuenta, a su vez, las historias de siete de estos hogares establecidos en toda Europa inmediatamente después del Holocausto.

Las personas que acogían a los niños en los refugios no eran mucho mayores, normalmente de 17 a 25 años. Muchos eran antiguos guías y miembros de movimientos juveniles pioneros. Su inexperiencia en el cuidado formal de niños se veía compensada por el hecho de que ellos también eran sobrevivientes del Holocausto y podían empatizar con ellos.

Los niños, por su parte, no iban a la escuela, no podían jugar ni ser mimados por sus familias, ni tampoco vivir en un entorno seguro. Para muchos, las fotos que se muestran en la exposición son sus únicas imágenes de la infancia. Los rostros sonrientes pueden ser engañosas. Detrás de ellos hay terribles historias.

Muchos eran huérfanos y se habían convertido en “adultos en cuerpos de niños”, como ellos mismos comentaban.

“Los que sobrevivieron bajo identidades supuestas y gracias a la generosidad de extraños vivían con el temor de que se descubriera su identidad judía. De que sean delatados y de que se les capturara y sean llevados junto con sus salvadores”, explica Yad Vashem.

Vivían con el temor de que las personas que los ocultaban se cansaran de ellos o se asustaran demasiado para retenerlos. Tenían que cambiar sus hábitos, renunciar a sus padres, a sus nombres, a su religión y a veces a su lengua materna. “Para sobrevivir, aprendieron a callar, a reprimir sus sentimientos y a no confiar en nadie”, dice el sitio web.

Renee Kochman (Renia Baff), quien vivió en un hogar para niños en Blankenese, Hamburgo, escribió después del Holocausto: “Salí de los campos de exterminio tras soportar la experiencia más terrible jamás registrada en la historia, dañada en cuerpo y espíritu. Luego de pérdidas indescriptibles, mi familia, mi infancia y mis amigos, me sentí abrumada por el dolor emocional y físico. El Kinderheim [hogar para niños] de Blankenese me devolvió parte de mi infancia perdida. Se convirtió en mi hogar. Mis profesores y las otras chicas que conocí fueron mis amigos y mi familia”.

Renia Baff (más tarde Renee Kochman) junto a la puerta de entrada del hogar infantil en Blankenese, Hamburgo, Alemania, 1946
Renia Baff (más tarde Renee Kochman) junto a la puerta de entrada del hogar infantil en Blankenese, Hamburgo, Alemania, 1946

Entre los hogares infantiles que se ven en la exposición destaca el de Zakopane, Polonia, dirigido por Lena Kuchler. Posteriormente se hizo famosa gracias a su libro “Mis 100 hijos”.

También es interesante la historia de Yeshayahu Drucker, miembro de la capellanía del ejército polaco. Recogió niños judíos de los cristianos y los llevó a un hogar infantil en Zabrze como un “proyecto de redención de niños” de un solo hombre.

La aldea juvenil de Hungría, creada por el movimiento juvenil sionista religioso Bnei Akiva, es una excepción. Los niños que se alojaban allí disfrutaban de una finca con piscina, un lago artificial e incluso una isla privada.

Primer Pésaj después de la liberación en el hogar de niños en Blankenese en Hamburgo, Alemania, abril de 1946
Primer Pésaj después de la liberación en el hogar de niños en Blankenese en Hamburgo, Alemania, abril de 1946

“Esta exposición («Mi infancia perdida») arroja luz sobre lo que los niños judíos tuvieron que soportar para sobrevivir y luego reconstruir sus vidas”, afirma Dana Porat, directora del Departamento Digital de la División de Comunicaciones de Yad Vashem. “Pero, sobre todo, cuenta la historia de la resiliencia de estos niños”.

 

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