Operación Salomón: A 30 años de la llegada de más de 14 mil judíos etíopes a Israel

Hoy hace 30 años  comenzaba «la Operación Salomón» ,una operación militar israelí encubierta para transportar 14.325 Judíos de Etiopía a Israel en 34 vuelos sin escalas de la aviación israelí en 36 horas.

El régimen etíope de Mengistu Haile Mariam fue desestabilizado por rebeldes de Eritrea y Tigray en 1991. Varias organizaciones judías así como el Estado de Israel entonces se preocuparon por la suerte de la considerable comunidad judía de Falashas o Beta Israel que vivían en Etiopía, cuya emigración en masa fue dificultada hasta entonces por el régimen de Mariam. El debilitamiento y la disminución del poder del régimen africano presentó una prometedora oportunidad para que los Beta Israel pudieran realizar su Aliá y así poder emigrar a Israel, según un plan ya ideado desde 1990.

Israel cayó en una feliz celebración ese 26 de Mayo cuando el gobierno anunció la conclusión exitosa de un puente aéreo de emergencia. Más de 14,00 judíos etíopes, casi toda la población judía, que comenzó 36 horas antes, aquel 24 de Mayo de 1991

En el aeropuerto esa mañana, era difícil saber quién era más alegre: los etíopes descalzos que vitoreaban, ululaban y se agachaban para besar el asfalto cuando salían de los aviones, o los israelíes que los miraban radiantes, maravillados con esa poderosa imagen de un estado atractivo, incluso con todos sus problemas.

Leer más: Nuevos inmigrantes de Etiopía: 43 Falash Mura llegan a Israel después de años de espera

«Hemos resistido nuestra obligación y hemos completado la operación trayendo a todos los judíos», declaró el primer ministro Yitzhak Shamir esta noche. «Nos da una sensación de fortaleza». Los israelíes no fueron menos maravillosos en el logro operacional de transportar a tanta gente a más de 1.500 millas en 40 vuelos en tan poco tiempo. La fuerza aérea dijo que 35 aviones civiles y militares, incluido un avión de pasajeros de Etiopía, habían sido utilizados en la operación. En un punto durante la noche, 28 aviones estaban en el aire a la vez. Todos los vuelos estaban llenos de pasajeros, a menudo dos o tres personas a un mar

Hicimos historia «, dijo Aryeh Oz, que piloteó un avión de carga El Al 747 que transportaba más del doble de pasajeros que el que estaba diseñado para transportar.» Es la primera vez que un 747 o cualquier vehículo volador en el mundo llega a transportarse 1,087 personas. No creo que vuelva a suceder «. «Fue un vuelo muy agradable», dijo uno de los inmigrantes sonrientes, Mukat Abag, de 29 años. «No trajimos ninguna de nuestras prendas, no trajimos ninguna de nuestras cosas, pero estamos muy contentos de estar aquí». Un equipo de médicos y paramédicos estaba en cada vuelo, esperando que muchos de los inmigrantes estuvieran enfermos. Algunos lo fueron, y 140 personas fueron llevadas desde el aeródromo a los hospitales.

Leer más: La comunidad judía de Etiopía recibe ayuda humanitaria de Israel

Pero el problema más común era las mujeres embarazadas. Cinco bebés nacieron a bordo de los aviones. Cuando cada avión llegó al aeropuerto militar aquí, las enfermeras esperaban en la parte inferior de las escaleras para colocar a las personas enfermas en ambulancias o los recién nacidos en incubadoras portátiles. 400 autobuses implementados

El puente aéreo avanzó toda la noche de acuerdo con un complejo cronograma que involucraba a miles de personas en Israel y Etiopía, las tres docenas de aviones y más de 400 autobuses en ambos extremos. La mayor parte se llevó a cabo durante el sábado judío, desde la puesta del sol hasta el atardecer del sábado. Pero no hubo quejas de las autoridades religiosas; La ley religiosa judía permite e incluso alienta la violación de la observancia del sábado si se hace para salvar vidas. Y en este caso, el sábado realmente facilitó la operación ya que todos los aviones y autobuses utilizados habrían estado inactivos.

Israel había puesto toda la operación bajo una censura militar total que se levantó solo esta noche. Incluso después de que el resto del mundo se enterara de la mayoría de los detalles de otras fuentes, los israelíes se negaron a debatirlo debido a los compromisos que habían contraído con los gobiernos de Etiopía y los Estados Unidos.

La compleja logística de los vuelos había estado en vigencia durante semanas. El jueves, el presidente Bush envió una carta al nuevo liderazgo etíope para solicitar a los funcionarios que permitieran que los judíos se marcharan de inmediato. Así lo dijeron el viernes funcionarios israelíes. Antes de huir al exilio el martes, el presidente Mengistu Haile Mariam usó a los judíos etíopes esencialmente como moneda de cambio.

Leer más: Médico voluntario israelí: «Los judíos de Etiopía están al borde de una crisis humanitaria”

Buscaba intercambiar su partida controlada por armas israelíes y tal vez ayuda desde Washington. A bordo del vuelo número 9 de esta mañana, en un Boeing 757 con las insignias de El Al y Estrella de David pintadas, los trabajadores habían cubierto todos los asientos y el suelo con gruesas láminas de plástico para protegerlos en caso de que los inmigrantes tuvieran enfermedades infecciosas. Cinco médicos o paramédicos estaban a bordo, y dijeron que les preocupaba que algunos de los etíopes pudieran portar cólera, malaria o posiblemente incluso SIDA.

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